jön
See also: Appendix:Variations of "jon"
Hungarian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Ugric *jᴕ̈ŋɜ-, *jᴕ̈γɜ- (jᴕ̈kɜ-) (“come”).[1][2] Cognates include Northern Mansi йиӈкве (jiňkwe, “to come, to become”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
jön
- (intransitive) to come
- (intransitive) to get into a state (e.g. motion, excitement)
- Active-voice counterpart: hoz
- (intransitive) to be one’s turn, to be in turn, to be next (to succeed in a sequence)
- Synonym: következik
- (intransitive, colloquial) to owe (someone: -nak/-nek)
- Synonym: tartozik
Conjugation edit
conjugation of jön
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | jövök | jössz | jön | jövünk | jöttök | jönnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | jöttem | jöttél | jött | jöttünk | jöttetek | jöttek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. jönni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | jövék | jövél | jöve | jövénk | jövétek | jövének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. jön vala, jött vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | jövendek | jövendesz | jövend | jövendünk | jövendetek | jövendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | jönnék | jönnél | jönne | jönnénk | jönnétek | jönnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. jött volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | jöjjek | jöjj or jöjjél or gyere |
jöjjön | jöjjünk or gyerünk |
jöjjetek or gyertek |
jöjjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. jött légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | jönni | jönnöm | jönnöd | jönnie | jönnünk | jönnötök | jönniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| jövés or jövetel | jövő | jött | jövendő | jőve (jővén) | |||||
potential conjugation of jön
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | jöhetek | jöhetsz | jöhet | jöhetünk | jöhettek | jöhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | jöhettem | jöhettél | jöhetett | jöhettünk | jöhettetek | jöhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | jöheték | jöhetél | jöhete | jöheténk | jöhetétek | jöhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. jöhet vala, jöhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | jöhetendek or jövendhetek |
jöhetendesz or jövendhetsz |
jöhetend or jövendhet |
jöhetendünk or jövendhetünk |
jöhetendetek or jövendhettek |
jöhetendenek or jövendhetnek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | jöhetnék | jöhetnél | jöhetne | jöhetnénk | jöhetnétek | jöhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. jöhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | jöhessek | jöhess or jöhessél |
jöhessen | jöhessünk | jöhessetek | jöhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. jöhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (jöhetni) | (jöhetnem) | (jöhetned) | (jöhetnie) | (jöhetnünk) | (jöhetnetek) | (jöhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (jöhetve / jöhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
References edit
- ^ Entry #209 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ jön in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- jön in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish ژون (jön), from French jeune. Doublet of civan.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
jön
Declension edit
predicative forms of jön
| present tense | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
| ben (I am) | jönüm | jön müyüm? | jön değilim | jön değil miyim? |
| sen (you are) | jönsün | jön müsün? | jön değilsin | jön değil misin? |
| o (he/she/it is) | jön / jöndür | jön mü? | jön değil | jön değil mi? |
| biz (we are) | jönüz | jön müyüz? | jön değiliz | jön değil miyiz? |
| siz (you are) | jönsünüz | jön müsünüz? | jön değilsiniz | jön değil misiniz? |
| onlar (they are) | jön(ler) | jön(ler) mi? | jön değil(ler) | jön değiller mi? |
| past tense | ||||
| positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | jöndüm | jön müydüm? | jön değildim | jön değil miydim? |
| sen (you were) | jöndün | jön müydün? | jön değildin | jön değil miydin? |
| o (he/she/it was) | jöndü | jön müydü? | jön değildi | jön değil miydi? |
| biz (we were) | jöndük | jön müydük? | jön değildik | jön değil miydik? |
| siz (you were) | jöndünüz | jön müydünüz? | jön değildiniz | jön değil miydiniz? |
| onlar (they were) | jöndüler | jön müydüler? | jön değildi(ler) / değillerdi | jön değil miydiler? |
| indirect past | ||||
| positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | jönmüşüm | jön müymüşüm? | jön değilmişim | jön değil miymişim? |
| sen (you were) | jönmüşsün | jön müymüşsün? | jön değilmişsin | jön değil miymişsin? |
| o (he/she/it was) | jönmüş | jön müymüş? | jön değilmiş | jön değil miymiş? |
| biz (we were) | jönmüşüz | jön müymüşüz? | jön değilmişiz | jön değil miymişiz? |
| siz (you were) | jönmüşsünüz | jön müymüşsünüz? | jön değilmişsiniz | jön değil miymişsiniz? |
| onlar (they were) | jönmüşler | jön müymüşler? | jön değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş | jön değil miymişler? |
| conditional | ||||
| positive, declarative |
positive, interrogative |
negative, declarative |
negative, interrogative | |
| ben (if I) | jönsem | jön müysem? | jön değilsem | jön değil miysem? |
| sen (if you) | jönsen | jön müysen? | jön değilsen | jön değil miysen? |
| o (if he/she/it) | jönse | jön müyse? | jön değilse | jön değil miyse? |
| biz (if we) | jönsek | jön müysek? | jön değilsek | jön değil miysek? |
| siz (if you) | jönseniz | jön müyseniz? | jön değilseniz | jön değil miyseniz? |
| onlar (if they) | jönseler | jön müyseler? | jön değilseler / değillerse | jön değil miyseler? |
Synonyms edit
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German Schönheit (Schönheit > jön).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
jön (nominative plural jöns)
Declension edit
declension of jön