Wiktionary

o

See also: Appendix:Variations of "o" and O

o U+006F, o
LATIN SMALL LETTER O
← n
[U+006E] 		Basic Latin p →
[U+0070]
Character variations

ᵒ U+1D52, ᵒ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL O
← ᵑ
[U+1D51] 		Phonetic Extensions ᵓ →
[U+1D53]
ｏ U+FF4F, ｏ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER O
← ｎ
[U+FF4E] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｐ →
[U+FF50]
Languages (114)
Translingual • English
Albanian • Aragonese • Asturian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Borôro • Breton • Catalan • Central Mazahua • Corsican • Crimean Tatar • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Estonian • Extremaduran • Fala • Faroese • Finnish • Franco-Provençal • French • Fula • Gagauz • Galician • German • Gothic • Guaraní • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Igbo • Indonesian • Irish • Italian • Italiot Greek • Japanese • Kankanaey • Kapampangan • Kashubian • Khumi Chin • Kikuyu • Ladin • Ladino • Latin • Latvian • Ligurian • Lithuanian • Livonian • Lower Sorbian • Malay • Maltese • Mandarin • Maori • Mbyá Guaraní • Middle English • Middle Irish • Middle Low German • Mokilese • Navajo • Neapolitan • North Frisian • Norwegian • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Occitan • Old English • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Polish • Old Spanish • O'odham • Pnar • Polish • Portuguese • Rapa Nui • Romani • Romanian • Samoan • Sardinian • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Slovene • Slovincian • Somba-Siawari • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Swedish • Tagalog • Tat • Tok Pisin • Tokelauan • Tooro • Turkish • Turkmen • Vietnamese • Volapük • Welsh • Yele • Yola • Yoruba • Zaghawa • Zazaki • Zhuang • Zou • Zulu
Page categories

Translingual

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
    (superscript) See º.

Pronunciation

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  • Pronunciation of IPA [oː]:(file)

Symbol

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

o

  1. (IPA) a close-mid back rounded vowel.
  2. (superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩, IPA) [o]-coloring (such as [o]-like labialization of a consonant) or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [o].
  3. (transcription, superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩) marks a labialized consonant.
    Synonym: ˚
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  • Letter styles
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur

See also

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Other representations of O:

English

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O, plural os or o's)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
  2. Alternative form of ο, the fifteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets, called omicron and (astronomy) used as an abbreviation of omicron in star names.
    The system's Bayer designation is o Persei.
See also
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Number

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The ordinal number fifteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

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o (plural oes)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.
  2. A zero (used in reading out numbers).
    It is currently two-o-five in the afternoon (2:05 PM).
    The first permanent English settlement in America was in Jamestown in sixteen-o-seven (1607).
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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See o/translations § Noun.
See also
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Etymology 2

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Particle

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o

  1. (nonstandard) alternative form of O (vocative particle)
    • 2007, The Bay Psalm Book, Cosimo Classics, published 1640, p.37, 41 & 46:
      I lift my soule to thee o Lord
      mee, o Iehovah, heare
      In thee, o Lord, I put my trust
Translations
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Interjection

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o

  1. Alternative form of oh

Noun

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o

  1. (IRC, acronym of) Operator
  2. (acronym of) Object, see SVO

Adjective

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o

  1. Clipping of over.

Etymology 3

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See o'.

Preposition

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o

  2. Alternative form of of

Etymology 4

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Abbreviations.

  1. (Stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨o⟩.
  2. (Stenoscript) the long vowel /oʊ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɔə˞], [ɔː˞] count as /oʊr/.)
    Thus the words or, owe.
  3. (Stenoscript) the words on, so.

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Particle

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o

  2. O (emphatic vocative marker of nouns)
    O malet e Shqipërisë!
    O mountains of Albania!

Usage notes

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Used with indefinite forms only. Can be placed either before or after the noun:

  • Qup (“Coby”, indefinite) + -o → Qup-o (“O Coby”).
  • o + Qup → o Qup (“O Coby”).

Further reading

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Aragonese

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Etymology

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From Latin illum, accusative form of ille (“that”).

Article

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o m (definite singulars)

  1. the
    O río Ebro ― The Ebro River

Usage notes

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  • Becomes l' before many words beginning with a vowel.
  • The form lo, either pronounced as lo or ro, can be found after words ending with an -o.
  • Eastern dialects use the form el.

Asturian

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Etymology

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From Latin aut.

Conjunction

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o

  1. or

Azerbaijani

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o lower case (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Old Anatolian Turkish اول (ol), Proto-Turkic *ol.

Pronoun

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Other scripts
Cyrillic о
Abjad او

o (definite accusative onu, plural onlar)

  1. he, she, it
    O evdə deyil ― S/he is not at home.
    O çox yaxşı insandır. ― S/he is a very good person.
Declension
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Declension of Azerbaijani personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
nominative mən sən o biz siz onlar
accusative məni səni onu bizi sizi onları
dative mənə sənə ona bizə sizə onlara
locative məndə səndə onda bizdə sizdə onlarda
ablative məndən səndən ondan bizdən sizdən onlardan
genitive mənim sənin onun bizim sizin onların
Derived terms
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Determiner

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o

  1. that, that one
    Antonym: bu
    O evdə deyil ― S/he isn't at that house.
    • 2010 January 22, joy.az‎[1], archived from the original on 4 March 2022:
      Amma nə xoş o insana ki, səhvini başa düşüb və tövbə edib haqq yoluna qayıdır
      But blissful is the/that person who realizes his mistake and repents and returns to the path of righteous.

Basque

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Noun

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o (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.

See also

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Borôro

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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o

  1. tooth

Breton

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Determiner

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o (requires spirant mutation)

  1. their
    o zad ― their father

Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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o

  1. or
Derived terms
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Central Mazahua

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

See also

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Corsican

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Etymology

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From Latin aut. Cognates include Italian o and Spanish o.

Conjunction

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o

  1. or

References

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Crimean Tatar

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.

Pronoun

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o

  1. (personal pronoun) he, she, it
    Synonym: (Northern dialect) anav
  2. (demonstrative pronoun) that

Declension

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Declension of Crimean Tatar personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
nominative men sen o biz siz olar
accusative meni seni onı bizni sizni olarnı
dative maña saña oña bizge sizge olarǧa
locative mende sende onda bizde sizde olarda
ablative menden senden ondan bizden sizden olardan
genitive menim seniñ onıñ bizim siziñ olarnıñ

References

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Czech

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Alternative forms

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  • vo (Common Czech)

Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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o [with locative]

  1. about

Preposition

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o [with accusative]

  1. for

Further reading

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  • “o”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “o”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

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Particle

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o

  1. (higher register or humorous) Vocative particle.

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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o

  1. oh

Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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  • Previous letter: n
  • Next letter: p

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

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Noun

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o (accusative singular o-on, plural o-oj, accusative plural o-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.

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Estonian

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Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Extremaduran

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Etymology

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From Latin aut. Cognates include Spanish o and Italian o.

Conjunction

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o

  1. or

Fala

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).

Article

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o m sg (plural os, feminine a, feminine plural as)

  1. (Mañegu) Masculine singular definite article; the
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.
      The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.

Pronoun

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o

  1. (Mañegu) Third person singular masculine accusative pronoun; him

See also

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Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
singular first person ei me, -mi mi
second person tú te, -ti ti
third
person 		m el le, -li uLV, oM el
f ela a ela
plural first
person 		common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
m noshotrusM noshotrusM
f noshotrasM noshotrasM
second
person 		common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
m voshotrusM voshotrusM
f voshotrasM voshotrasM
third
person 		m elis le, -li usLV, osM elis
f elas as elas
third person reflexive — se, -si sí

Dialects:  L Lagarteiru   M Mañegu   V Valverdeñu

Etymology 2

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From Old Galician-Portuguese ou, from Latin aut (“or”).

Conjunction

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o

  1. or
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme 6:
      Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.
      There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.

References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Finnish

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Etymology

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The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and o for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called oo and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Verb

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o

  1. (colloquial) third-person singular indicative present of olla
    Kyl se o iha mielenkiintost hommaa kuitenki.
    Still it's a pretty interesting job.

Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin hoc (“this”, neuter).

Pronoun

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o (postpositive -o) (ORB, broad)

  1. this, that, it (third-person singular neuter nominative or accusative)
  2. it (impersonal)
    Synonym: il

See also

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Franco-Provençal personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative tonic1 possessive2
singular 1st person jo mè min
2nd person te tè tin
3rd person masculine il lo / le lui sin
feminine el la lyé
neuter o y —
reflexive — sè
plural 1st person nos noutro
2nd person vos voutro
3rd person masculine ils los / les lor lor
feminine els les lor / lyés
reflexive — sè

1 Disjunctive or object of a preposition.   2 Generally preceded by a definite article.

References

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  • il [2] in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • o in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Further information

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French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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o m (plural os)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.

Derived terms

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Symbol

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o

  1. (computing) octet (B (byte))

Derived terms

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Fula

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Etymology 1

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Suffix

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o (plural ɓe)

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) having to do with people, and for loan words
Usage notes
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Pronoun

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o

  1. he, she (third person singular subject pronoun; short form)
Usage notes
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  • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
  • This is used in all conjugations except for affirmative non-accomplished (where the long form is used).
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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  • makko (possessive pronoun)
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  • omo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form)
  • himo (second person singular subject pronoun; long form; variant in Pular)
  • kanko (emphatic form)

Article

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o

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    Debbo o ― the woman
Usage notes
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Determiner

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o

  1. used in indicating someone
    O debbo ― this/that woman
Usage notes
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Gagauz

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اُولْ (ol) from Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o, Azerbaijani o, Crimean Tatar o Turkmen ol[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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o

  1. that
    o gün yaamur hem su dünneeyi buudu
    that day water and rain covered the whole world

Pronoun

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o (accusative onu, plural onnar)

  1. he, she, it (third person singular pronoun)
    onu tanêêrım
    I know him
  2. (demonstrative) that
    ver bana onu
    give that to me
Declension
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Declension of o
singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) o onnar
definite accusative (belirtme) onu onnarı
dative (yönelme) ona onnara
locative (bulunma) onda onnarda
ablative (çıkma) ondan onnardan
genitive (tamlayan) onun onnarın
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Further reading

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  • N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “o”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 372
  • Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “o”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 121

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (phoneme) /o/, (letter name) /oː/

Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Gagauz alphabet, written in the Latin script.

References

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  1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “o”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  2. ^ András Rajki, A Concise Gagauz Dictionary with etymologies and Turkish, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar and Turkmen cognates, 2007

Galician

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illum, from ille.

Alternative forms

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Article

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o m sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

  1. masculine singular definite article; the
    Entón non se lle atopaba o romántico engado que lle atopei despois.
    Then the romantic attachment that I found later was not found in him.
Usage notes
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  • The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con o (“with the”) contracts to co, and en o (“in the”) contracts to no.
  • The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, contracts with preceding words which ends in [s] or [r] into the second form of the article lo (la, los, las); this feature, frequent in spoken Galician, is not always marked in the written language. When done, a hyphen is used to separate both words:
Debes comer o caldo ~ Debes come-lo caldo ― You should eat the soup
Derived terms
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Galician contractions with definite articles
article
preposition singular plural
o a os as
a ao (ó) á aos (ós) ás
con co coa cos coas
de do da dos das
en no na nos nas
por polo pola polos polas
See also
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Galician articles
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an, some) 		un unha uns unhas

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

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o

  1. accusative of el
Usage notes
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The Galician pronouns, being atones, are usually appended to the verb; though sandhi, o could acquire the form -no (for example, when appended to a verb form ended in a falling diphthong or in a nasal consonant, the nasal in -no having an antihiatic epenthetic origin) or -lo (when appended to a verb form ended in a -s or -r, the l having its origin in the assimilation of the -s or -r with the l present in the pronoun before the 12th century).

See also
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Galician personal pronouns
number person nominative
(subject) 		accusative
(direct object) 		dative
(indirect object) 		prepositional prepositional
with con 		non-declining
singular first eu me min comigo —
second ti te che ti contigo vostede
third m el o (lo, no) lle el con el —
f ela a (la, na) ela con ela —
plural first nós
nosoutros m
nosoutras f 		nos nós connosco —
second vós
vosoutros m
vosoutrasf 		vos vós convosco vostedes
third m eles os (los, nos) lles eles con eles —
f elas as (las, nas) elas con elas —
reflexive third /
indefinite 		— se si consigo —

Further reading

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German

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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o

  1. O
    • 1843, Gallus Schwab, Gebetbuch für katholische Christen, Bamberg, page 45:
      Sei gegrüßet, o Du mein Jesu! Mit tieftster Demuth bete ich Dich an und verehre Dich!
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Gothic

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Romanization

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ō

  1. Romanization of 𐍉

Guaraní

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Etymology

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Clipping of óga.

Noun

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o

  1. house

Hawaiian

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /o/

Conjunction

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o

  1. or, lest

Preposition

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o

  1. of, belonging to

Usage notes

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  • Used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars), while a is used for acquired possessions.

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative o o-k
accusative o-t o-kat
dative o-nak o-knak
instrumental o-val o-kkal
causal-final o-ért o-kért
translative o-vá o-kká
terminative o-ig o-kig
essive-formal o-ként o-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive o-ban o-kban
superessive o-n o-kon
adessive o-nál o-knál
illative o-ba o-kba
sublative o-ra o-kra
allative o-hoz o-khoz
elative o-ból o-kból
delative o-ról o-król
ablative o-tól o-któl
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		o-é o-ké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		o-éi o-kéi
Possessive forms of o
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. o-m o-im
2nd person sing. o-d o-id
3rd person sing. o-ja o-i
1st person plural o-nk o-ink
2nd person plural o-tok o-itok
3rd person plural o-juk o-ik

See also

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Further reading

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  • o in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Icelandic

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Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Ido

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Pronunciation

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  • (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA(key): /o/

Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Conjunction

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o

  1. Apocopic form of od
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  • e (“and”)
  • a (“to”)

Igbo

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2

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Alternative forms

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  • ọ (retracted tongue position)

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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o (dependent form, independent form ya)

  1. (personal, epicene) he, she, it
    O nyere m mmiri.
    She gave me water.
See also
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Igbo personal pronouns
dependent independent object/possessive
Singular first m, a/e- ... -m m, mụ
second ị, i ngị, gị gị
third ọ, o ya
Plural first anyị
second ụnụ
third ha, a/e- ... -ha ha
Indefinite a/e - -

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /o/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /o/, [o], [ɔ]

Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Irish

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Italian

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Etymology 1

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From Latin ō (the name of the letter O).

Pronunciation

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Letter

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o f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case O)

  1. The thirteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

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o f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Latin aut.[1]

Alternative forms

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  • od (used optionally before words beginning with a vowel)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /o/*, /o/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: o

Conjunction

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o

  1. or

References

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  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

Further reading

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Etymology 3

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Verb

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o

  1. Misspelling of ho.

Italiot Greek

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Etymology

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From Ancient Greek ὁ (ho)

Article

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o

  1. the
Third person pronoun forms
Number (style) singular (familiar) plural (formal)
strong weak strong weak
m f n m f n m f n m f n
nominative cino cini cino o i to cini cini cini e e ta
genitive tu tis tu — — — tos tos tos — — —
accusative ton tin to — — — tus tes ta — — —

† These terms double as possessive pronouns.
‡ tis is used before a verb, tes after a verb.
All personal pronoun forms are displayed at evò (“I”).

Japanese

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Romanization

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o

  1. The hiragana syllable お (o) or the katakana syllable オ (o) in Hepburn romanization.
  2. The hiragana syllable を (o) or the katakana syllable ヲ (o) in Hepburn romanization. (as particle)

Kankanaey

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Tagalog o. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English o.

Pronunciation

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  • (letter name)
    • IPA(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo]
      • Rhymes: -o
      • Syllabification: o
    • IPA(key): (alternative) /ˈʔow/ [ˈʔoʊ̯]
      • Rhymes: -ow
      • Syllabification: o
  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /ˈo/ [ˈo]
    • Rhymes: -o

Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

Noun

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o

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter o/O.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification: o

Noun

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o

  1. head, skull, top

Derived terms

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References

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  • Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[3] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11
  • Morice Vanoverbergh (1933) “o”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎[4], Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 325

Kapampangan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”).

Conjunction

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o

  1. or
    Synonyms: o kaya, ekaya
    Mangan ka o pinandit naka?
    Are you going to eat or later?
    Mansanas o sagin.
    Apple or banana?

Etymology 2

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Alternative forms

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Particle

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o

  1. (colloquial) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention; see also oy, uy and ay
    Palako nayu o.
    S/he's leaving.
    Makanini namu o.
    Just do it this way.
    Nanu o.
    What? huh?
  2. (colloquial) used as a vocative particle to address the topic in question
    Juan o lawen me.
    John! look!
    Ginu o sana iligtas yu.
    God, I hope you help them!
    Mina o aini na.
    Mina, here it is.

Interjection

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o

  1. (colloquial) expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!
    Synonyms: ba, aru, uru
  2. (colloquial) used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!
    Synonyms: aini, aita, ayan

Kashubian

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Etymology

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The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Khumi Chin

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O.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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o

  1. pig

References

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  • K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎[5], Payap University, page 47

Kikuyu

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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o (third person plural)

  1. they
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  • -ao (“their”)

See also

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Kikuyu independent personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person niĩ ithuĩ
2nd person we /wɛ(ː)/ inyuĩ
3rd person we /wɛ/ o

References

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  • “o” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 355. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Ladin

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Etymology

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From Latin aut.

Conjunction

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o

  1. or

Ladino

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”). Cognate with Spanish o.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Paris):(file)

Conjunction

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o (Hebrew spelling או)[1]

  1. or [16th c.]
    Coordinate term: i
    • 2002, Los Muestros‎[6], numbers 46–55, R. Capuia, page 44:
      no kalia meter livros i defteres en la kama kuando se aparejava lisyones o otros projetos, porke estos se puedian durmir i azersen pezgados, […]
      There was no need to put books and notebooks in bed when lessons or other projects were appearing, because these could rest and [then] become [more] serious.
  2. either (…or)
    Antonym: ni … ni
    • 2001, Aki Yerushalayim‎[7], volume 22, page 82:
      O porke el ke se empresto el livro se olvida, o porke se averguensa de darlo atras manchado o arazgado, o mizmo porke, segun akontese munchas vezes, el es un bibliofil para el kual es difisil de separarse de un livro ke le paso por la mano, el fakto es ke por una o otra de estas razones i munchas mas, los livros emprestados a otros raramente tornan a sus lugar, en la biblioteka del ken los empresto.
      Either because he who lent the book forgot it, or because it shames one to give it back stained or torn, or even because, as it happens a lot, he is a bibliophile for whom it is difficult to separate himself from a book that spent time in his hand, the fact is that for one or another of these reasons and many more, books lent to others rarely return to their place: in the library of who borrowed them.

Alternative forms

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  • ô (obsolete), u

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Old Spanish o (“oh”), from Latin ō.

Interjection

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o (Hebrew spelling או)[1]

  1. oh
    • 1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino‎[8], Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 32:
      ¡O, mi Dyo, lyo so muy desmazalozo!
      Oh my God, I am so unlucky!

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “o”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

Latin

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Etymology 1

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From Etruscan letter 𐌏 (o), from Ancient Greek letter ο (o, “omicron”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤏 (ʿ, “ayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.

Letter

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o

  1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ō f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter O.
Coordinate terms
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References

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  • o in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • o in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "o", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • o in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[9], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
    • to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
  • o in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from or cognate to Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), from Proto-Indo-European *ō or onomatopoeic.

Alternative forms

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  • ô (for the vocative particle)
  • ōh (for the interjection meaning "oh")

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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ō

  1. O! (vocative particle)
    • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:
      O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
      Shame on the age and on its principles! (literally, “O times! O mores!”) The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Judges.3.19:
      et reversus de Galgalis ubi erant idola dixit ad regem verbum secretum habeo ad te o rex et ille imperavit silentium egressisque omnibus qui circa eum erant
      then returning from Galgal, where the idols were, he said to the king: I have a secret message to thee, O king. And he commanded silence: and all being gone out that were about him
  2. Oh!

Latvian

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Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

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Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation 1

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  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

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O

o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Latvian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
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In native Latvian words (and in some older borrowings), o represents the sound of IPA [uə̯] (e.g., otrs [uə̯tɾs]). In more recent borrowings, it represents the original sound of the word, i.e. [o] or [oː] (e.g., opera [oːpeɾa]).

See also
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Pronunciation 2

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Noun

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o m (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter O/o.
See also
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Ligurian

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Etymology

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From earlier ro ← lo, from Latin illum, form of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

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Article

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o m sg (plural i)

  1. the

Inflection

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Ligurian definite articles
singular plural
masculine o i
feminine a e

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. Cognate with Latgalian a and Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₁od; compare Sanskrit आत् (āt, “afterwards, then, so”), Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝 (āat̰, “afterward, then”), perhaps the ablative singular of *h₁e- (“demonstrative pronoun”).

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /oː/

Conjunction

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õ

  1. (coordinating, adversative) and, but (used to express binary contrasts)
    Tai̇̃ ne kažkàs, ką̃ vi̇́enas gãli darýti, õ ki̇̀tas – nè. ― It's not something that some people can do but others can't.

Livonian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (upper case O)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
  2. The name of the Latin-script letter o/O.

See also

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Malay

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Letter

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o

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Maltese

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɔ/ (short phoneme)
  • IPA(key): /ɔː/ (long phoneme)
  • In inherited words, long o occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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o (o5 / o0, Zhuyin ˙ㄛ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哦

Romanization

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o

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ō.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of ó.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ǒ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of ò.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Maori

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Particle

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o

  1. of
    • 2006, Joanne Barker, Sovereignty Matters, page 208:
      In 1979 a gathering of elders at the Waananga kaumatua affirmed te reo Maori “Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Maori” the language is the life principle of Maori mana.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

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Used instead of a when the possessor has no control over the relationship (inalienable possession).

Mbyá Guaraní

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Verb

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o

  1. to go

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of o
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person
inclusive 		1st person
exclusive 		2nd person 3rd person
xee aa ndee ereo ha'e oo nhande jaa ore oroo peẽ peo ha'e oo

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old French oh, from Latin ō.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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o

  1. oh, ah
Descendants
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  • English: oh
  • Yola: o
References
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Etymology 2

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From of, with apocope of the final f.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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o

  1. of
Descendants
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References
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Etymology 3

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Article

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o

  1. (rare) Alternative form of an (preconsonantal)

Etymology 4

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Numeral

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o

  1. Alternative form of oo (“one”)

Adjective

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o

  1. Alternative form of oo (“first”)

See also

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Middle Irish

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Preposition

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o

  1. Alternative spelling of ó

Middle Low German

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *awjō. Cognate with Old Norse ey (Swedish ö, Norwegian øy).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ö

  1. island

Mokilese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Chuukic *yawo, from Proto-Micronesian *awo, from Proto-Oceanic *apon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapən.

Noun

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o

  1. fishing line
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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Navajo alphabet

See also

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Neapolitan

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Etymology 1

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From Latin aut.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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o

  1. or

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /o/

Article

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o m

  1. Alternative spelling of 'o (“the”)

Pronoun

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o m (accusative)

  1. Alternative spelling of 'o (“him, it”)

North Frisian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [o], [ɐ] (reduced vowel)
  • IPA(key): [ɔ] (short full vowel)
  • IPA(key): [oː] (long vowel, spelt oo)

Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

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  • Mooring Frisian uses simple ⟨o⟩ only for [o] and in the diphthongs ⟨or, oi, ou⟩, respectively pronounced [ɔɐ̯], [ɔɪ̯], [ɔʊ̯]. Otherwise, [ɔ] is represented by ⟨å⟩.
  • The spelling ⟨or⟩ for [ɐ] occurs in the Sylt Frisian prefix for-. In other dialects this is fer- with identical pronunciation.

See also

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Norwegian

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /uː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

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o

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Letter

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o (upper case O, definite singular o-en, indefinite plural o-ar, definite plural o-ane)

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Interjection

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o

  1. (dated or humorous) oh

Pronoun

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o

  1. (eye dialect) pronunciation spelling of ho

References

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Nupe

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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o (lower case, upper case O)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Occitan

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Etymology 1

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From earlier *au, from Latin aut.

Conjunction

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o

  1. or

Etymology 2

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Noun

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o f (plural os)

  1. o (the letter o, O)

Old English

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Adverb

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ō

  1. Alternative form of ā

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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    From earlier lo, la, from Latin illum, illam (the initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo and la).

    Pronunciation

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    Article

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    o

    2. the (masculine singular definite article)
      • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23
        Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.
        This is how Holy Mary added the wine to the barrel, out of love for the good lady of Britain;
      • 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 48
        Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.
        This is how Holy Mary restricted the water of the fountain from the knight.

    Usage notes

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    • O becomes -no and a becomes -na after nasal sounds:
      Non queria o meu coraçon nen-nos meus olhos. ― She wanted neither (the) my heart nor (the) my eyes.
      Ambas eran-nas melhores que (h)omen pode cousir. ― Both were the best that (a) man can contemplate.
    • O becomes -lo and a becomes -la after other consonants, and the preceding consonant is elided:
      E vós faredes depoi-lo melhor! ― And later ye shall do the best!
      Sobre toda-las bondades que ela (h)avia era que muito fiava en Santa Maria; ― Above all the virtues she possessed was how much she trusted Holy Mary.
    • O becomes el- in front of the noun rei:
      Deu ora el-rei seus dinheiros a Belpelho. ― The king, then, gave his money to Belpelho.
      Se fosse seu o tesouro que el-rei de França ten. ― Were it his the treasure that the king of France has.

    Descendants

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    • Galician: o
    • Portuguese: o

    Old Irish

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    Preposition

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    o

    1. Alternative spelling of ó

    Noun

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    o

    1. Alternative spelling of ó

    Mutation

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    Mutation of o
    radical lenition nasalization
    o
    (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)     		unchanged n-o

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Old Polish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b). First attested in the 14th century.

    Preposition

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    o

    1. about, concerning [with accusative or locative]
    2. on, against [with accusative]
    3. because of [with accusative]
    4. denotes location; at [with accusative]
    5. denotes location; at [with locative]
    6. with, by means of [with locative]
    7. (used in descriptions) with, having [with locative]
    8. for [with accusative]
    Descendants
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    • Polish: o
    • Silesian: ô

    Etymology 2

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o. First attested in the 14th century.

    Interjection

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    o

    1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage
    Descendants
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    • Polish: o

    References

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    • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “o”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

    Old Spanish

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Latin aut (“or”).

    Conjunction

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    o

    1. or

    Alternative forms

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    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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    From Latin ubi (“where”). Cognate with French où (“where”), Italian dove (“where”), Portuguese u (“where”).

    Adverb

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    o

    1. where

    Usage notes

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    • O has been displaced in Modern Spanish by donde.
    • O can be encountered in some Modern Spanish words such as doquiera (do (contraction of de ("of") + o ("where")) + quiera ("it may want"), literally " where it may want") and its apocopic form, doquier.

    Etymology 3

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    Inherited from Latin ō.

    Interjection

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    o

    1. oh

    References

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    • Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “o”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 363

    O'odham

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    Particle

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    o

    1. future tense marker: will; going to.

    Usage notes

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    Not to be confused with ʼo, the third person copula.

    See also

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    O'odham auxiliary
    singular plural
    imperfective perfective future imperfective perfective future
    first person long 'añ 'añt o 'c 'att o
    short ñ ñt c tt
    second person long 'ap 'apt 'am 'amt
    short a pt m mt
    third person long 'o 'at 'o
    short t

    References

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    • Zepeda, Ofelia (1983) A Tohono Oʼodham Grammar, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, page 169

    Pnar

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    Etymology

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    Compare Lamet [Nkris] ʔɔːʔ, Riang [Sak] ʔoʔ¹.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    o

    1. I

    Usage notes

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    • It identifies A or S arguments and therefore "nominative". Its topic-position and accusative counterpart is nga.

    Polish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

    Letter

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    o (upper case O, lower case)

    1. The twentieth letter of the Polish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
    See also
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    Etymology 2

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    Inherited from Old Polish o.

    Preposition

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    o

    1. about (concerning) [with locative]
      Opowiedz mi o twojej pracy. ― Tell me about your job.
      Ta książka jest o potędze miłości. ― This book is about the power of love.
    2. at (telling the time) [with locative]
      Spotkajmy się o piątej po południu. ― Let's meet at five PM.
    3. (used in descriptions) with, having [with locative]
      Była piękną kobietą o długich jasnych włosach. ― She was a beautiful woman with long fair hair.
      chłopiec o zielonych oczach ― a boy with green eyes; a green-eyed boy
    4. on, against [with accusative]
      Nie opierajcie się o te drzwi. ― Don't lean on this door.
      Dziewczynka uderzyła głową o stół. ― The little girl hit her head on the table.
    5. for [with accusative]
      Weronika poprosiła mnie wczoraj o pomoc. ― Veronica asked me for help yesterday.
      Walczyliśmy dzielnie o naszą wolność. ― We were bravely fighting for our freedom.
    6. by (a difference) [with accusative]
      Spóźniła się o piętnaście minut. ― She was fifteen minutes late.
      Czuję się o wiele lepiej. ― I feel much better.
      Obniż podkład o dwa półtony. ― Lower the instrumental by two semitones.
    Derived terms
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    particles

    Etymology 3

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    Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o, ultimately a natural expression.

    Interjection

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    o

    1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage
      O mój boże... ― Oh my god...

    Trivia

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    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), o is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 533 times in scientific texts, 598 times in news, 724 times in essays, 607 times in fiction, and 610 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3072 times, making it the 14th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

    References

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    1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “o”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 298

    Further reading

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    • o in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • o in Polish dictionaries at PWN
    • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
    • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
    • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
    • “O I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 18.06.2019
    • “O II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 August 19
    • Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
    • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego
    • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
    • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 429

    Portuguese

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    2. The fifteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    See also
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    Etymology 2

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    From Old Galician-Portuguese o (compare Galician o), from Vulgar Latin lo, *illu, from Latin illum, from ille (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo).

    Article

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    o m (feminine a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)

    2. the (masculine singular definite article)
    Usage notes
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    For the most part, usage of the definite article in Portuguese is the same as in English. Some differences include:

    • it is optionally but commonly used with abstract mass nouns:
      O amor é melhor que a guerra. ― Love is better than war.
    • in Brazil, it can be optionally used with adjectival possessive pronouns, and mandatorily with substantival possessive pronouns; both are mandatory in Portugal:
      (O) meu livro é melhor que o seu. ― My book is better than yours.
    • it can be used with personal names; often this indicates familiarity with the person (due to personal connection with them or because they are famous); this is avoided in formal contexts:
      (O) João foi até a cidade. ― João went to the city.
      (O) Einstein foi um cientista famoso. ― Einstein was a famous scientist.
    • it is sometimes used instead of a possessive pronoun when the possessor is obvious from the context; this is especially prevalent when referring to parts of the body or one’s own relatives:
      O pai está viajando. ― (My) dad is travelling.
      Você falou com a tia? ― Did you talk with my/our aunt?
      Quando você quebrou os braços? ― When did you break your arms?
    • it is used in a construct that is uncommon in English but common in Portuguese whereby a singular is used as a representative or prototype of all instances of the thing:
      O carvalho é uma árvore grande. ― The oak is a big tree.
      A picape é responsável pela poluição. ― Pick-up trucks are responsible for the pollution.
    • it is much more commonly used with placenames; most names of countries, states, provinces and continents take the definite article, but only a minority of cities:
      Eu moro no Luxemburgo. ― I live in Luxembourg.
      O Rio de Janeiro fica no Brasil. ― Rio de Janeiro is in Brazil.
    Quotations
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    For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

    See also
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    Portuguese articles
    singular plural
    masculine feminine masculine feminine
    definite article
    (the)     		o a os as
    indefinite article
    (a, an; some)     		um uma uns umas

    Pronoun

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    o m (personal)

    2. him, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ele)
    Usage notes
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    • Becomes -lo after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
      After ver: Posso vê-lo? ― May I see him/it?
      After conheces: Conhece-lo?. ― Do you know him/it?
      After fiz: Fi-lo ficar contente. ― I made him/it become happy.
      After nos: Deu-no-lo relutantemente. ― He gave him/it to us reluctantly.
      After eis: Ei-lo! ― Behold him/it!
    • Becomes -no after a nasal sound:
      Detêm-no como prisioneiro. ― They detain him/it as a prisoner.
      Põe-no aqui. ― Put him/it here.
    • In the colloquial speech of most of Brazil, it is abandoned in favor of the nominative form ele.
      Eu o vi. → Eu vi ele. ― I saw him/it.
    Quotations
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    For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

    See also
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    See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.

    Rapa Nui

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    FWOTD – 27 December 2012

    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Polynesian *o.

    Particle

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    o

    1. possessive particle marking an inalienable possession; of
      • 2008, Sharon Chester, A wildlife guide to Chile, page 15:
        Polynesians are thought to have arrived at Easter Island around AD 800. They called the island Rapa Nui, or more familiarly Te Pito o Te Henua, the Navel of the World.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    Usage notes
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    Inserted before the relevant pronoun. Only for possessions like hands or parents that do not have the ability to no longer be yours; otherwise, use a.

    Etymology 2

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    From Spanish o (“or”).

    Conjunction

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    o

    1. or
    Usage notes
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    Generally used in favor of complex native grammatical structures used to achieve the same ends.

    Romani

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. (International Standard) The nineteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    2. (Pan-Vlax) The twentieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    See also
    edit

    Etymology 2

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    Article

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    o m sg (feminine singular i, plural e)

    1. the
      o rrom ― the Romani man
      o Parìzo ― Paris
    Usage notes
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    • The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.
    Declension
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    The definite article
    number and gender m sg f sg pl
    nominative o i e
    oblique e

    References

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    • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “o”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, pages 21, 141

    Romanian

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The eighteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
    Usage notes
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    See O.

    See also
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    Etymology 2

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    From Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus, via an earlier form *uă, with irregular dropping of the -n- due to high frequency of usage; however, compare the Aromanian equivalent unã, which preserved it.

    Article

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    o

    1. feminine singular nominative/accusative of un: a/an (indefinite article)
      O femeie frumoasă ― A beautiful woman
    edit
    See also
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    Romanian indefinite article forms
    singular plural
    m or n f
    nominative/accusative un o niște
    genitive/dative unui unei unor

    Etymology 3

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    Interjection

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    o

    1. oh

    Etymology 4

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    From an earlier (possibly Proto-Romanian) root *eaua, from Latin illam, accusative feminine singular of ille.

    Pronoun

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    o f (unstressed accusative form of ea)

    1. (direct object) her
      O cunoști? ― Do you know her?
      O cunoști pe Iulia? ― Do you know Iulia?
      Am văzut-o ieri la școală. ― I saw her yesterday at school.
    edit
    • îl (masculine equivalent)
    • le (plural)

    Etymology 5

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    Verb

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    (el/ea) o (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of vrea, used with infinitives to form presumptive tenses)

    1. (he/she) might

    Etymology 6

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    From avea.

    Verb

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    o (modal auxiliary, ? form of avea, used with ? to form ? tenses)

    1. (informal) Used to form a variant of the future tense together with the verb in the subjunctive mood.
      Synonym: vrea (as an auxiliary verb)
      O să vedem. ― We will see.
      El o să facă fasole. ― He will make beans.
    Usage notes
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    • In the third person plural, or is sometimes used instead of o.

    Samoan

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    Preposition

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    o

    1. of

    Sardinian

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Italian o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of a.

    Conjunction

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    o

    1. or

    Etymology 2

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    From Latin o (vocative particle).

    Interjection

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    o

    1. (Logudorese, Campidanese) a vocative particle; o, hey
      O Frantziscu! ― Hey, Francis!

    Determiner

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    o

    1. (Logudorese, Campidanese) used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis; you
      Morta ti ses, o tessidora bella ― You died, you beautiful weaver

    References

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    • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “o1”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
    • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “o2”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

    Scots

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    Etymology

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    From Middle English of, from Old English af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away (from)”). Compare English of.

    Preposition

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    o

    1. of

    Scottish Gaelic

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    Etymology 1

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The thirteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by n and followed by p. Its traditional name is onn or oir (“gorse”).

    See also

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    Etymology 2

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    From Middle Irish ó, from Old Irish ó. Cognates include Irish ó.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    o (+ dative, triggers lenition, combined with the singular definite article on)

    1. from
      Synonyms: à, bho
    2. since
      Synonym: bho
    Inflection
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    Personal inflection of o
    Person: simple emphatic
    singular first uam uamsa
    second uat uatsa
    third m uaithe uaithesan
    f uaipe uaipese
    plural first uainn uainne
    second uaibh uaibhse
    third uapa uapasan

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology 1

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    o (Cyrillic spelling о)

    1. The 21st letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by nj and followed by p.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o-, ob-.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    o (Cyrillic spelling о)

    1. on, against [with accusative]
      ob(j)esiti nešto o kuku ― to hang something on a hook
      udariti glavom o zid ― to hit one's head against the wall
      ogr(ij)ešiti se o zakon ― to violate a law (literally, “to make transgression against the law”)
    2. about, concerning, of, on [with locative]
      brinuti se o nekome ― to take care of somebody
      v(ij)est o katastrofi ― news about the catastrophe
      R(ij)eč je o…, radi se o… ― It's about…, this refers to…
      Napisao sam esej o ranom srednjem vijeku. ― I wrote an essay on the Early Middle Ages.
    Synonyms
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    • (Croatia) ob

    Sicilian

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    Etymology 1

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    From Latin ō (the name of the letter O).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    o f

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.

    Etymology 2

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    From Latin aut.

    Pronunciation

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    Conjunction

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    o

    1. or
      O ti manci ssa minestra o ti jetti dâ finestra.
      Either you eat soup or you throw yourself out the window.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 3

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    Eye dialectal form of ô (“(masculine singular) at/to the”).

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    o

    1. (eye dialect) Alternative form of ô

    Etymology 4

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    Eye dialectal form of 'ô (“(masculine singular) of the”), from the lenition of rhoticized (and dialectal) rô, from dô, from an earlier and standard dû.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    o

    1. (eye dialect) Alternative form of dû
      A fera o luni.
      The Monday market.
      (literally, “The market of the Monday.”)
      A strata o Càrminu.
      The street [of the church] of the Carmine.

    Etymology 5

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    From the vowel reduction of vô, dialectal form of vâ, which is the contracted form of the Univerbation of va' (“to go”, second-person singular imperative) +‎ a (“to, forward”, preposition).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    o

    1. (eye dialect) Alternative form of vâ (second-person singular, contracted double imperative)
      o caca!
      Go fuck yourself! (lit. go to shit)!
      O vidi chiḍḍu ca hâ fari!
      Go see what you have to do!.
    Usage notes
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    • The double indicative and the double imperative are Sicilian moods built with the first conjugated element using exclusively the present tense of the verbs jiri (to go) or vèniri (to come) connected with the preposition a (to) to a second conjugated action wich follows the tense, the number and the person of the first verbal element.
    • In the case of jiri, which is irregularly composed also of the theme derived from Latin vādō, can be contracted with the preposition a depending on the dialect.

    Etymology 6

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    From Latin ō, eventually conflated with/from Ancient Greek ὦ (ô).

    Alternative forms

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    • oh (for the interjection meaning "oh")

    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    o

    1. (usually oh) expresses surprise, joy, or pain: oh!; ah!
      Synonyms: bih, madonna, madò, marò, Di' ca lu fici, zu, zu lu bestia
    2. (usually oh) Typically used before a proper noun in the vocative or nominative case when addressing someone: O...
      O ma', po' vèniri cca!?
      [O] mum, would you come here!?
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    See also

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    Silesian

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    Etymology

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    The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.

    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The nineteenth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

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    Skolt Sami

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    o (upper case O)

    1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See also

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    Slovak

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    o

    1. about, concerning [with locative]
      Synonyms: ohľadom, ohľadne
    2. at (indicates time) [with locative]
      • 1921, Stanislav Klíma, Kozia skala In: Povesti zo Slovenska:
        O polnoci sa Kozia skala otvorila a božská panna z jaskyne vyšla.
        Kozia skala opened at midnight and a divine virgin came out of a cave.
    3. against, over, on (indicates the point of contact with another object) [with accusative]
      Synonyms: na, k, ku
      • 1955, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Česť:
        Juro zhodil batoh, odopäl bajonet a praštil ho o stôl.
        Juro threw his bag down, unfastened the bayonet and slammed it against the table.
    4. by, often translated with a noun accompanied by an indefinite article or a numeral (indicates measure or degree) [with accusative]
      • 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena:
        Oddanca prevyšuje o hlavu, on takrečeno tratí sa pri jej mocnej, na mužského upomínajúcej postave.
        She is a head taller than her fiancé, it might be said that he is disappearing next to her mighty figure resembling that of a man.
    5. in, later (indicates the end of a period of time) [with accusative]
      Synonym: po
      • 1911, Jozef Gregor Tajovský, Jano Mráz:
        Už mal byť o rok posvätený, ale prišla cholera, a neúprosná smrť Ondríka skosila.
        It should have been blessed in a year, but cholera came and Ondrík was taken by merciless death.

    Further reading

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    • “o”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

    Slovene

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    o

    1. about, concerning [with locative]

    Slovincian

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈɔ/
    • Rhymes: -ɔ
    • Syllabification: o

    Interjection

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    o

    1. oh! expression of surprise or outrage

    Further reading

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    Somba-Siawari

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    Noun

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    o

    1. water
    2. liquid
    3. river

    References

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    Spanish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The sixteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

    Noun

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    o f (plural oes)

    1. Name of the letter O
    Derived terms
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    See also

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    Etymology 2

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    Inherited from Old Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”).

    Alternative forms

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    • u (used before words beginning with an ‘o’ sound)
    • ò (archaic)
    • ó (obsolete, used near numbers to avoid confusion with a zero: 2 ó 3)

    Conjunction

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    o

    1. or
      ¿Quieres un café o algo más?
      Do you want a coffee or something else?
    Derived terms
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    Conjunction

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    o … o

    1. either … or
      Antonym: ni … ni
    Derived terms
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    Further reading

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    Sranan Tongo

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    Etymology

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    Reduced form of go (“to go”).

    Particle

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    o

    1. Verbal marker for the future tense.

    Usage notes

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    For purely factual statements, sa is more common. This marker is mostly used for promises, or when the anticipation carries an emotive charge, such as hope or fear. For example, “I’ll see you” is not a purely factual statement; it implies, “I hope to see you (again, some time in the future)”. In Sranan Tongo, this is then expressed as “mi o si yu”.

    See also

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    Swedish

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter name
    Phoneme
    • IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔ/

    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The fifteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

    Interjection

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    o

    1. O (particle)
      Så låt nu, o konung, härom utfärda ett förbud och sätta upp en skrivelse
      Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing (Daniel 6:8)

    Noun

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    o n

    1. the letter o
    2. the Greek letter omega, being the last letter of the Greek alphabet
      Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.
      I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. (Revelations 22:13)

    Declension

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    Declension of o
    nominative genitive
    singular indefinite o os
    definite ot ots
    plural indefinite on ons
    definite ona onas

    Alternative forms

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    Conjunction

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    o

    1. Alternative form of o̲ (“&, and”).
      Synonyms: &, å
      Snyggt o prydligt.
      Neat 'n' tidy.

    Usage notes

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    • In writing other than with standardised keyboards, e.g. handwriting and crafted lettering, it often retain its underlining; o̲.

    Tagalog

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed from Spanish o. Each pronunciation has a different source:

    • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English o.
    • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜂ (o).
    • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish o.

    Pronunciation

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    • (Standard Tagalog)
      • IPA(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo] (letter name)
        • Rhymes: -o
      • IPA(key): /ˈʔow/ [ˈʔoʊ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet alternative)
      • IPA(key): /ˈo/ [ˈo] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
        • Rhymes: -o
    • Syllabification: o

    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The seventeenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
    2. The thirteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
    3. (historical) The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called o and written in the Latin script.
    See also
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    Noun

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    o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

    1. the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Filipino alphabet
    2. the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Abakada alphabet
    3. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Abecedario
    Alternative forms
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    • ow — Filipino alphabet letter
    See also
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    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut.

    Pronunciation

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    Conjunction

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    o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

    1. or
      Synonyms: o kaya, dili kaya, (inclusive, obsolete) kung
      Sasama ka ba o dito ka lang?
      Are you coming along or will you just be here?
    Derived terms
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    See also
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    Etymology 3

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    Compare Hokkien 乎 (hôⁿ / hô͘), English oh and Spanish oh.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Particle

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    o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

    1. (informal) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention.
      Nandiyan na naman siya o.
      He's at it again, see?
      Ganito kasi dapat 'yan o.
      You're supposed to do it like this, you see?
    See also
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    Interjection

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    o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ) (informal)

    1. expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!
      Hayop naman oh!
      Damn it, argh!
    2. used to catch someone's attention about a new topic, question, or story: so; oh!
    3. used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!
      Synonym: heto
      O, ang regalo ko sa'yo.
      Here, my gift for you.
    Derived terms
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    Further reading

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    • “o”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

    Tat

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    Etymology

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    Compare Persian آب (âb).

    Noun

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    o

    1. water

    Tok Pisin

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    Etymology

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    From English or.

    Conjunction

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    o

    1. or

    Tokelauan

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian o and Samoan o.

    Preposition

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    o

    1. Marks inalienable possession; of
    See also
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    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian ō and Samoan o.

    Interjection

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    o

    1. Answer to being called by name; yes

    References

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    • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[11], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 33

    Tooro

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    -o (declinable)

    1. it, they (third-person personal pronoun)

    Inflection

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    Inflected forms of -o
    Noun class singular plural
    1/2 we bo
    3/4 gwo yo
    5/6 lyo go
    7/8 kyo byo
    9/10 yo zo
    11/10 rwo
    12/14 ko bwo
    13 — two
    14/6 bwo go
    15/6 kwo
    16 ho —
    17 kwo
    18 mwo

    See also

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    Tooro personal pronouns
    class person independent possessive subject
    concord     		object
    concord     		combined forms
    na ni
    class 1 first nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
    second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
    third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
    class 2 first itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
    second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
    third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
    class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
    class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
    class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
    class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
    class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
    class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
    class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
    class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
    class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
    class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
    class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
    class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
    class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
    class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
    class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
    (...-yo)     		-ha- N/A nukwo
    class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
    (...-mu)     		-ha- N/A numwo
    reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

    References

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    • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[12], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 412

    Turkish

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    Etymology

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    From Ottoman Turkish او (o), from older اول (ol). Merger of Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ol) and [script needed] (an, “she, he, that, it”), (Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹) and [script needed] (an), respectively); both from Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognate with Karakhanid اُلْ (“he, she, it; that”) and Chinese 兀 (wù, “that”).

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    o

    1. he, she, it

    Declension

    edit
    Declension of o
    singular plural
    nominative o onlar
    definite accusative onu onları
    dative ona onlara
    locative onda onlarda
    ablative ondan onlardan
    genitive onun onların

    See also

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    Turkish personal pronouns
    singular plural
    1st person ben biz
    2nd person familiar sen siz
    polite siz sizler
    3rd person o onlar

    Pronoun

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    o (demonstrative)

    1. that

    See also

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

    See also

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    Noun

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    o

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.

    See also

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    Turkmen

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    Pronunciation

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    • (phoneme) IPA(key): /o/, /oː/

    Pronoun

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    o

    1. Alternative form of ol (“he, she, it”)

    Letter

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    o (upper case O)

    1. The eighteenth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

    See also

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    Vietnamese

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Vietic *ʔɔː.

    Noun

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    o • (姑, 𪦭)

    1. (North Central Vietnam) paternal aunt, father's sister
    2. (North Central Vietnam) female teacher

    Pronoun

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    o • (姑, 𪦭)

    1. (North Central Vietnam) First, second, and third female personal pronoun
      O nớ rù quến ghê!
      She is so charming!
    Synonyms
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    Classifier

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    o

    1. (Thanh Hoá, Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh) indicates a young adult woman
      o du kích nhỏ ― the little guerrilla damsel
      • 1966, Tố Hữu, “Tấm Ảnh [The Photograph]”; quoted in Trần Trung Hiếu (2023) “Gặp ‘O du kích nhỏ’ áp giải phi công Mỹ năm xưa [Meeting ‘the little guerrilla damsel’ who steered the American pilot in years past]”, in VietNamNet‎[13]
        O du kích nhỏ giương cao súng.
        Thằng Mỹ lênh khênh bước cúi đầu.
        The little guerrilla damsel holds her rifle high.
        The tall American dude totters, his head hanging low.
      • 2007, Lã Ngọc Tỉnh, “Dấu Ân Chiến Tranh [Marks of War]”; quoted in Trần Trung Hiếu (2023) “Gặp ‘O du kích nhỏ’ áp giải phi công Mỹ năm xưa [Meeting ‘the little guerrilla damsel’ who steered the American pilot in years past]”, in VietNamNet‎[14]
        Chiến binh bại trận ở Việt Nam
        Bị O du kích bắt đầu hàng.
        The soldier – defeated in Vietnam –
        Was forced by the little guerrilla damsel to surrender.

    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed from Portuguese ó.

    Noun

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    o

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.
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    Volapük

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    Pronunciation

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    Particle

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    o

    1. vocative case particle
      O flens löfik!
      Dear friends

    Welsh

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    Etymology 1

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    Alternative forms

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    • ò (unpredictable short)
    • ó (unusually stressed)
    • ô (unpredictable or unusually stressed long)
    • ö (indicating disyllabicity)

    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The nineteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script. preceded by n and followed by p
    Mutation
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    • o cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word oren (“orange”):
    Mutated forms of oren
    radical soft nasal h-prothesis
    oren unchanged unchanged horen

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Derived terms
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    See also
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    Noun

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    o f (plural oau)

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.
    Mutation
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    Mutated forms of o
    radical soft nasal h-prothesis
    o unchanged unchanged ho

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Etymology 2

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    Aphetic form of efô, reinforced form of ef

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    o

    1. he, him
    Usage notes
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    O is used predominantly in the north of Wales, while e is used in the south, with fo and fe as variants of o and e respectively after a vowel. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

    Etymology 3

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    From Proto-Brythonic *ọ (stressed allomorph of *a), from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, off”).

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    o (causes soft mutation)

    1. from
      Aethon ni o Gaerdydd i Abertawe.
      We went from Cardiff to Swansea.
    2. of, out of (partitive)
      Roedd llawer o frain yn y coed.
      There were a lot of crows in the trees.
      Mae'r tri ohonyn nhw'n dweud celwydd.
      The three of them are lying.
    3. Connects an adjective modifying another adjective (equivalent to adverb + adjective in English)
      arbennig o bwysig ― especially important
      ofnadwy o garedig ― awfully kind
    4. Connects a multi-word numeral to a plural noun
      Mae pedwar deg saith o weithwyr gyda'r cwmni.
      The company has forty-seven employees.

    Inflection

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    Personal forms (literary)
    singular plural
    first person ohonof ohonom
    second person ohonot ohonoch
    third person ohono m
    ohoni f     		ohonyn
    Personal forms (colloquial)
    singular plural
    first person ohono i/fi, ohona i, ono i ohonon ni, onon ni
    second person ohonot ti, onot ti, ohona ti ohonoch chi, onoch chi
    third person ohono fe/fo, ono fe/fo m
    ohoni hi, oni hi f     		ohonyn nhw, onyn nhw

    Etymology 4

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    Possibly a conjunctive use of Etymology 3. Compare Old Irish ó (“when”).

    Alternative forms

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    • od (before a vowel)

    Conjunction

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    o (causes aspirate mutation)

    1. (literary) if
    2. (literary) whether
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Yele

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    o

    1. A letter of the Yele alphabet.

    Derived terms

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    • The digraph ⟨oo⟩ transcribes the long vowel /ɔː/
    • The digraph ⟨꞉o⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /ɔ̃/
    • The trigraph ⟨꞉oo⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /ɔ̃ː/

    See also

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    Yola

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Middle English oo, an apocopic form of oon.

    Alternative forms

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    Adjective

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    o

    1. one
      Synonym: oan
      • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
        O hardïshe o' anoor.
        One thing or another.

    Etymology 2

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    From Middle English o.

    Interjection

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    o

    1. oh
      • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
        Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.
        Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.

    Etymology 3

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    Preposition

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    o

    1. Alternative form of o' (“of”)
      • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:
        Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.
        There was a good pudding made of bran.
      • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
        Aar was Parick o Dearmoth, an dhen score besidh,
        There was Patrick o Deormod, and ten score beside,
      • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
        An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,
        The priest of the parish on his white pony,
      • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:
        Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,
        There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,
      • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:
        An lea a pariesh o Kilmannan.
        And leave the parish of Kilmannan.

    References

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    • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, pages 45, 88 & 93

    Yoruba

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    Etymology 1

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The sixteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called ó and written in the Latin script.

    Noun

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    ó

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.

    See also

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    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    o

    1. you (second-person singular non-honorific personal pronoun)

    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    ó

    1. he/she/it (third-person singular non-honorific personal pronoun)

    Etymology 4

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    o

    1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /o/)

    Pronoun

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    ó

    1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /o/)

    See also

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    Yoruba personal pronouns
    subject object1 emphatic
    affirmative negative
    singular 1st person mo n̄ / mi mi èmi
    2nd person o ọ / ẹ ìwọ
    3rd person ó [pronoun dropped] [preceding vowel repeated for mono­syllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ òun
    plural 1st person a wa àwa
    2nd person ẹ yín ẹ̀yin
    3rd person wọ́n wọn wọn àwọn
    1 Except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.

    Etymology 5

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    Pronunciation

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    Interjection

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    o

    1. Used at the end of sentences to emphasize a statement.
      ẹ ṣeun o ― thank you!
    Alternative forms
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    • oo, ooo etc. (depending on the amount of emphasis)

    Etymology 6

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    Clipping of kò.

    Pronunciation

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    Particle

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    ò

    1. not (placed before a verb to negate it, frequently used after personal pronouns)

    Etymology 7

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    Clipping of wò

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    ò

    1. (Ekiti) Alternative form of wò (“to look at”)
      mò í ò ẹ ― I am looking at you!!

    Zaghawa

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    Noun

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    o

    1. a living person

    References

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    Zazaki

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    Pronoun

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    o

    1. he

    See also

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    Zazaki personal pronouns
    singular plural
    1st person ez mı ma
    2nd person familiar tı to şıma
    polite şıma
    3rd person o a ê

    Pronoun

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    o (demonstrative)

    1. that

    Zhuang

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Interjection

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    o (1957–1982 spelling o)

    1. Used to express compliance to a request; okay; sure
    2. Used to express realization or understanding; oh

    Etymology 2

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Adjective

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    o (Sawndip forms 嗬 or 荷 or ⿰目荷, 1957–1982 spelling o)

    1. (dialectal, including Wuming) blue
      Synonym: lamz

    Zou

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    Pronunciation

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    Particle

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    o

    1. Vocative particle; O

    References

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    • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 59

    Zulu

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    Letter

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    o (lower case, upper case O)

    1. The fifteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=o&oldid=84885399"