kulkia
Ingrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *kulkëdak. Cognates include Finnish kulkea and Estonian kulgeda.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkulkiɑ/, [ˈkuɫke̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkulkiɑ/, [ˈkuɫkiɑ]
- Rhymes: -ulkeː, -ulkiɑ
- Hyphenation: kul‧ki‧a
Verb
editkulkia
- (intransitive) to travel
Conjugation
editConjugation of kulkia (type 5/laskia, k- gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kulen | en kule | 1st singular | oon kulkent, oon kulkenut | en oo kulkent, en oo kulkenut |
2nd singular | kulet | et kule | 2nd singular | oot kulkent, oot kulkenut | et oo kulkent, et oo kulkenut |
3rd singular | kulkoo | ei kule | 3rd singular | ono kulkent, ono kulkenut | ei oo kulkent, ei oo kulkenut |
1st plural | kulemma | emmä kule | 1st plural | oomma kulkeneet | emmä oo kulkeneet |
2nd plural | kuletta | että kule | 2nd plural | ootta kulkeneet | että oo kulkeneet |
3rd plural | kulkoot1), kulkevat2), kuletaa | evät kule, ei kuleta | 3rd plural | ovat kulkeneet | evät oo kulkeneet, ei oo kulettu |
impersonal | kuletaa | ei kuleta | impersonal | ono kulettu | ei oo kulettu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kulin | en kulkent, en kulkenut | 1st singular | olin kulkent, olin kulkenut | en olt kulkent, en olt kulkenut |
2nd singular | kulit | et kulkent, et kulkenut | 2nd singular | olit kulkent, olit kulkenut | et olt kulkent, et olt kulkenut |
3rd singular | kulki | ei kulkent, ei kulkenut | 3rd singular | oli kulkent, oli kulkenut | ei olt kulkent, ei olt kulkenut |
1st plural | kulimma | emmä kulkeneet | 1st plural | olimma kulkeneet | emmä olleet kulkeneet |
2nd plural | kulitta | että kulkeneet | 2nd plural | olitta kulkeneet | että olleet kulkeneet |
3rd plural | kulkiit1), kulkivat2), kulettii | evät kulkeneet, ei kulettu | 3rd plural | olivat kulkeneet | evät olleet kulkeneet, ei olt kulettu |
impersonal | kulettii | ei kulettu | impersonal | oli kulettu | ei olt kulettu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kulkisin | en kulkis | 1st singular | olisin kulkent, olisin kulkenut | en olis kulkent, en olis kulkenut |
2nd singular | kulkisit, kulkiist1) | et kulkis | 2nd singular | olisit kulkent, olisit kulkenut | et olis kulkent, et olis kulkenut |
3rd singular | kulkis | ei kulkis | 3rd singular | olis kulkent, olis kulkenut | ei olis kulkent, ei olis kulkenut |
1st plural | kulkisimma | emmä kulkis | 1st plural | olisimma kulkeneet | emmä olis kulkeneet |
2nd plural | kulkisitta | että kulkis | 2nd plural | olisitta kulkeneet | että olis kulkeneet |
3rd plural | kulkisiit1), kulkisivat2), kulettais | evät kulkis, ei kulettais | 3rd plural | olisivat kulkeneet | evät olis kulkeneet, ei olis kulettu |
impersonal | kulettais | ei kulettais | impersonal | olis kulettu | ei olis kulettu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kule | elä kule | 2nd singular | oo kulkent, oo kulkenut | elä oo kulkent, elä oo kulkenut |
3rd singular | kulkekoo | elköö kulkeko | 3rd singular | olkoo kulkent, olkoo kulkenut | elköö olko kulkent, elköö olko kulkenut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kulkekaa | elkää kulkeko | 2nd plural | olkaa kulkeneet | elkää olko kulkeneet |
3rd plural | kulkekoot | elkööt kulkeko, elköö kulettako | 3rd plural | olkoot kulkeneet | elkööt olko kulkeneet, elköö olko kulettu |
impersonal | kulettakkoo | elköö kulettako | impersonal | olkoo kulettu | elköö olko kulettu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kulkenen | en kulkene | |||
2nd singular | kulkenet | et kulkene | |||
3rd singular | kulkenoo | ei kulkene | |||
1st plural | kulkenemma | emmä kulkene | |||
2nd plural | kulkenetta | että kulkene | |||
3rd plural | kulkenoot | evät kulkene, ei kulettane | |||
impersonal | kulettannoo | ei kulettane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kulkia | present | kulkeva | kulettava | |
2nd | inessive | kulkijees | past | kulkent, kulkenut | kulettu |
instructive | kulkien | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kulkekaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kulkomaa | |||
inessive | kulkomaas | ||||
elative | kulkomast | ||||
abessive | kulkomata | ||||
4th | nominative | kulkomiin | |||
partitive | kulkomista, kulkomist |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 216
Categories:
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulkeː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulkeː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulkiɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ulkiɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs