-k
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English -ken, -kien, from Old English -cian, from Proto-West Germanic *-kōn, from Proto-Germanic *-kōną. Cognate with West Frisian -kje, German -chen, Danish -ke, Swedish -ka. Perhaps related to Old English diminutive suffix -uc, -oc. More at -ock.
SuffixEdit
-k
- (obsolete, no longer productive) A suffix found in words of Middle English, Old English, usually with an intensive or frequentative effect.
AbenakiEdit
SuffixEdit
-k
Usage notesEdit
- Used to form the plurals of almost all words that end in a, and of some words that end in other vowels or in the semivowel w; not used to form the plurals of words ending in consonants.
- See the usage notes at -ak.
ChuukeseEdit
SuffixEdit
-k
EstonianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-k (genitive -ku, partitive -kut)
- Derives nouns from verbs, or sometimes from other nominals. The derivations can express the following:
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of -k (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -k | -kud |
| accusative | -ku | -kud |
| genitive | -ku | -kute |
| partitive | -kut | -kuid |
| illative | -kusse | -kutesse -kuisse |
| inessive | -kus | -kutes -kuis |
| elative | -kust | -kutest -kuist |
| allative | -kule | -kutele -kuile |
| adessive | -kul | -kutel -kuil |
| ablative | -kult | -kutelt -kuilt |
| translative | -kuks | -kuteks -kuiks |
| terminative | -kuni | -kuteni |
| essive | -kuna | -kutena |
| abessive | -kuta | -kuteta |
| comitative | -kuga | -kutega |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-k (genitive -ki, partitive -kit)
- Derives nouns from verbs denoting an instrument of action.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of -k (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -k | -kid |
| accusative | -ki | -kid |
| genitive | -ki | -kite |
| partitive | -kit | -keid |
| illative | -kisse | -kitesse -keisse |
| inessive | -kis | -kites -keis |
| elative | -kist | -kitest -keist |
| allative | -kile | -kitele -keile |
| adessive | -kil | -kitel -keil |
| ablative | -kilt | -kitelt -keilt |
| translative | -kiks | -kiteks -keiks |
| terminative | -kini | -kiteni |
| essive | -kina | -kitena |
| abessive | -kita | -kiteta |
| comitative | -kiga | -kitega |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
May be the same as etymology 2.
SuffixEdit
-k (genitive -gi, partitive -ki)
- Derives nouns from verbs, or sometimes from other nominals. The derivations can express the following:
HungarianEdit
SuffixEdit
-k
- (plural suffix) -s, -es
- (personal suffix) Denotes the first-person singular present tense in verb suffixes for all moods (indicative, conditional and subjunctive).
- (obsolete) Diminutive suffix.
Usage notesEdit
- (plural suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
See alsoEdit
Lower SorbianEdit
SuffixEdit
-k
- used on masculine nouns to form a diminutive
Derived termsEdit
MalteseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From both Arabic ـَكَ (-aka) and ـِكِ (-iki).
SuffixEdit
-k m or f
- you (object suffix, second person singular)
Related termsEdit
OjibweEdit
SuffixEdit
-k
- Alternative form of -g in the conjunct form of d-final inanimate instransitive verbs (vii)
- A suffix denoting the second-person plural to third person singular imperative form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with a Cw ending
Usage notesEdit
In d-final intransitive inanimate verbs (vii), the final d merges with -g to produce -k.
See alsoEdit
Old NorseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronounEdit
-k (enclitic)
- enclitic form of ek
- 9th c., Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 27:
- Þat veitk bezt / und bláum himni
kenninafn, / svát konungr eigi […]- I know that the best / nickname
under the blue sky / that a king might have […]
- I know that the best / nickname
- 9th c., Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 27:
See alsoEdit
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
ParticleEdit
-k
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
ReferencesEdit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007) , “а, ли”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
YorubaEdit
SuffixEdit
-k
- Used when an ordinal number is written with Arabic numerals. Often considered an abbreviation of k-, but can be used with non-k-ordinal numbers.