-k

Contents

English

Etymology

From Middle English -ken, -kien, from Old English -cian, from Proto-Germanic *-kōną. Cognate with West Frisian -kje, German -chen, Danish -ke, Swedish -ka. Perhaps related to Old English diminutive suffix -uc, -oc. More at -ock.

Suffix

-k

1. (obsolete, no longer productive) A suffix found in words of Middle English, Old English, usually with an intensive or frequentative effect.

   tale, talk; steal, stalk; smile, smirk; mire, mirk; lour, lurk; hear, hark; fare, firk; yare, yark

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Abenaki

Suffix

-k

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

   tmakwa (“beaver”) → tmakwak (“beavers”)

Usage notes

• Used to form the plurals of almost all words that end in a, and of some words that end in other vowels or in the semivowel w; not used to form the plurals of words ending in consonants.
• See the usage notes at -ak.

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Chuukese

Suffix

-k

1. (added to verbs) you (singular, indirect object suffix)

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Estonian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Finnish -kko.

Suffix

-k (genitive -ku, partitive -kut)

1. Derives nouns from verbs, or sometimes from other nominals. The derivations can express the following:
   1. a single instance of an action

      minema (“to go”) → minek (“a going”)

      ründama (“to attack”) → rünnak (“an attack”)

   2. the object of an action

      õppima (“to study”) → õpik (“textbook”)

Declension

Inflection of -k (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	-k	-kud
accusative	-ku	-kud
genitive	-ku	-kute
partitive	-kut	-kuid
illative	-kusse	-kutesse -kuisse
inessive	-kus	-kutes -kuis
elative	-kust	-kutest -kuist
allative	-kule	-kutele -kuile
adessive	-kul	-kutel -kuil
ablative	-kult	-kutelt -kuilt
translative	-kuks	-kuteks -kuiks
terminative	-kuni	-kuteni
essive	-kuna	-kutena
abessive	-kuta	-kuteta
comitative	-kuga	-kutega

Derived terms

► Estonian words suffixed with -k

Etymology 2

Cognate with Finnish -kki.

Suffix

-k (genitive -ki, partitive -kit)

1. Derives nouns from verbs denoting an instrument of action.

   sõitma (“to drive”) → sõiduk (“vehicle”)

   hõljuma (“to hover”) → hõljuk (“hovercraft”)

   tõstma (“to raise”) → tõstuk (“lift”)

Declension

Inflection of -k (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	-k	-kid
accusative	-ki	-kid
genitive	-ki	-kite
partitive	-kit	-keid
illative	-kisse	-kitesse -keisse
inessive	-kis	-kites -keis
elative	-kist	-kitest -keist
allative	-kile	-kitele -keile
adessive	-kil	-kitel -keil
ablative	-kilt	-kitelt -keilt
translative	-kiks	-kiteks -keiks
terminative	-kini	-kiteni
essive	-kina	-kitena
abessive	-kita	-kiteta
comitative	-kiga	-kitega

Derived terms

► Estonian words suffixed with -k

Etymology 3

May be the same as etymology 2.

Suffix

-k (genitive -gi, partitive -ki)

1. Derives nouns from verbs, or sometimes from other nominals. The derivations can express the following:
   1. the result of an action

      jääma (“to remain”) → jääk (“residue, remainder”)

      saama (“to receive”) → saak (“yield”)

   2. the object of an action

      sööma (“to eat”) → söök (“food”)

      jooma (“to drink”) → jook (“drink, beverage”)

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Hungarian

Suffix

-k

1. (plural suffix) -s, -es

   hajó (“ship”) → hajók (“ships”)

   alma (“apple”) → almák (“apples”)

   mese (“fairy tale”) → mesék (“fairy tales”)

2. (personal suffix) Denotes the first-person singular present tense in verb suffixes for all moods (indicative, conditional and subjunctive).

   ír (“to write”) →

   írok (“I write, I am writing”)

   írnék (“I would write”)

   írjak (“I should write”)

3. Pre-historic diminutive suffix.

   lélek (“soul”)

   fészek (“nest”)

Usage notes

• (plural suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  nő (“woman”) →‎ nők (“women”)

  fa (“tree”) →‎ fák (“trees”)

  csésze (“cup”) →‎ csészék (“cups”)

  -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ház (“house”) →‎ házak (“houses”)

  -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  pad (“bench”) →‎ padok (“benches”)

  -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel words (and some rounded front-vowel words) ending in a consonant:

  kert (“garden”) →‎ kertek (“gardens”)

  könyv (“book”) →‎ könyvek (“books”)

  -ök is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  kör (“circle”) →‎ körök (“circles”)

• Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian (e.g. három könyv - three books, néhány óra múlva - in a few hours), only if there is no numeral before the phrase. There are very few (traditional) exceptions, including háromkirályok, mindenszentek as well as összes művei, költeményei (compare plural -i after a possessive suffix).

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Lower Sorbian

Suffix

-k

1. used on masculine nouns to form a diminutive

Derived terms

► Lower Sorbian words suffixed with -k

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Maltese

Alternative forms

• -ek, -ok

Etymology

From both Arabic ـَكَ‎ (-aka) and ـِكِ‎ (-iki)

Suffix

-k m or f

1. you (object suffix, second person singular)

Related terms

• int

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Old Norse

Alternative forms

• ek

Pronoun

-k (enclitic)

1. enclitic form of ek

   ‎hafða + ‎-k → ‎hafðak

   ‎em + ‎-k → ‎emk

See also

• -du, -ðu, -tu

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Veps

Etymology

Particle

-k

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “а, ли”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika