langsum

Old English

Alternative forms

• longsum

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *langasam. Equivalent to lang +‎ -sum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑnɡ.sum/, [ˈlɑŋɡ.sum]

Adjective

langsum (superlative langsumast)

1. (of time) long, long-lasting
   • The Old English rune poem

     ᛚ byþ lēodum langsum ġeþūht...

     Sea is by princes thought long-enduring...

2. (of actions) wearisome, prolix, tedious, tardy, dilatory
3. (of space relations) lengthy, extended; outstretched
4. (of someone) long-suffering, patient

Declension

Declension of langsum — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	langsum	langsumu, langsumo	langsum
Accusative	langsumne	langsume	langsum
Genitive	langsumes	langsumre	langsumes
Dative	langsumum	langsumre	langsumum
Instrumental	langsume	langsumre	langsume
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	langsume	langsuma, langsume	langsumu, langsumo
Accusative	langsume	langsuma, langsume	langsumu, langsumo
Genitive	langsumra	langsumra	langsumra
Dative	langsumum	langsumum	langsumum
Instrumental	langsumum	langsumum	langsumum

Declension of langsum — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	langsuma	langsume	langsume
Accusative	langsuman	langsuman	langsume
Genitive	langsuman	langsuman	langsuman
Dative	langsuman	langsuman	langsuman
Instrumental	langsuman	langsuman	langsuman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	langsuman	langsuman	langsuman
Accusative	langsuman	langsuman	langsuman
Genitive	langsumra, langsumena	langsumra, langsumena	langsumra, langsumena
Dative	langsumum	langsumum	langsumum
Instrumental	langsumum	langsumum	langsumum

Derived terms

• langsumlīċ
• langsumlīċe
• langsumnes

Descendants

• Middle English: langsum, longsum, longsom
  • Scots: langsum, langsome
  • English: longsome

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “langsum”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[1], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian *langsum, from Proto-West Germanic *langasam.

Adjective

langsum

1. slow

   Synonym: stadich

Inflection

Inflection of langsum
uninflected	langsum
inflected	langsume
comparative	langsumer
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		langsum	langsumer	it langsumst it langsumste
indefinite	c. sing.	langsume	langsumere	langsumste
	n. sing.	langsum	langsumer	langsumste
	plural	langsume	langsumere	langsumste
definite		langsume	langsumere	langsumste
partitive		langsums	langsumers	—

Further reading

• “langsum”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011