-sum

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sum"

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsum]

Suffix

-sum m

1. accusative singular of -sus

Middle English

Suffix

-sum

1. (chiefly Early Middle English or Northern) alternative form of -som

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”). Akin to Old Frisian -sum, Old High German -sam, Old Norse -samr, Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams), -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”), Old English sam (“whether, or”), Old English same (“same”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Suffix

-sum

1. characterized by some specific condition or quality; same as

   angsum ― difficult, constricted, āþrotsum ― irksome, ġecwēmsum ― pleasing, pleasant

2. having or exemplifying

   wynsum ― joyful, winsome

Declension

Declension of -sum — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-sum	-sumu, -sumo	-sum
Accusative	-sumne	-sume	-sum
Genitive	-sumes	-sumre	-sumes
Dative	-sumum	-sumre	-sumum
Instrumental	-sume	-sumre	-sume
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-sume	-suma, -sume	-sumu, -sumo
Accusative	-sume	-suma, -sume	-sumu, -sumo
Genitive	-sumra	-sumra	-sumra
Dative	-sumum	-sumum	-sumum
Instrumental	-sumum	-sumum	-sumum

Declension of -sum — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-suma	-sume	-sume
Accusative	-suman	-suman	-sume
Genitive	-suman	-suman	-suman
Dative	-suman	-suman	-suman
Instrumental	-suman	-suman	-suman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-suman	-suman	-suman
Accusative	-suman	-suman	-suman
Genitive	-sumra, -sumena	-sumra, -sumena	-sumra, -sumena
Dative	-sumum	-sumum	-sumum
Instrumental	-sumum	-sumum	-sumum

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -sum

angsum

friþsum

gedwolsum

gehealdsum

genihtsum

geþeodsumnes

healdsum

hiersum

hyrsum

lætsum

langsum

larsum

lofsum

lufsum

nihtsum

sibsum

weorcsum

wohsum

wynsum

Descendants

• Middle English: -som, -soum, -sum, -some, -somme (Late Middle English), -summ (Ormulum)
  • English: -some
  • Middle Scots: -sum
    • Scots: -some

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [suβ̃]

Suffix

-sum

1. alternative form of -som

See also

Old Irish emphatic suffixes

person	emphatic suffixes
1 sg	-se, -sa
2 sg	-siu, -so, -su
3 sg m or n	-som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam
3 sg f	-si
1 pl	-ni, -nai, -sni
2 pl	-si
3 pl	-som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam

Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object.