lukea
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *lukëdak, from Proto-Uralic *luke- (“to count”). Cognate with Northern Sami logi (“10”), lohkat (“read, count”), Erzya ловномс (lovnoms, “read”), ловомс (lovoms, “count”), Eastern Mari лу (lu, “10”), Udmurt лыдӟыны (lyddźyny, “count, read”) and possibly Hungarian olvas.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editlukea
- (transitive) to read
- Luen kirjaa. ― I am reading a book.
- (impersonal + inessive or + adessive) to read, say (to consist of certain written text)
- Kyltissä lukee "pääsy kielletty". ― The sign reads "no entry."
- Kirjan sivulla 105 lukee... ― On page 105 of the book, it says...
- (transitive, academic) to study (review materials; take a course)
- Mitä luet yliopistossa?
- What are you studying at the university?
- Minun pitää lukea kokeeseen.
- I have to study for an exam.
- (obsolete outside expressions) to count, reckon (still used in some expressions like mukaan luettuna, mukaan lukien, lukea tiilenpäitä, lukematon)
- Synonym: laskea
- Yhtä puuttuu, sanoi piru kun kusiaisia luki.
- There's one missing, said the Devil counting fire ants.
- (intransitive) to consider (as); to count (as); to include [with translative]
- Kahvitauko luetaan työaikaan kuuluvaksi.
- A coffee break is considered to be included in the working time.
- Sitä ei lueta.
- It doesn't count.
- (transitive) to scan (a paper document, QR code, etc.)
- Synonym: skannata
Usage notes
edit- (to read): lukea takes the elative (or, with some words, ablative) case for location, i.e. answers the question "where ... from?" instead of "where?".
- The elative (or, in some cases, ablative) case is used with etsiä, löytyä, löytää, lukea and kuulla. (i.e. "where ... from?" instead of "where?").
- The illative (or, in some cases, allative) case is used with saapua, eksyä, eksyttää, jäädä, jättää, hukkua, hukata, kadota, kadottaa, hävitä, hävittää and rakentaa. (i.e. "where ... to?" instead of "where?")
- Luin sen lehdestä.
- I read it in (lit. from) the magazine.
Conjugation
editInflection of lukea (Kotus type 58*D/laskea, k-∅ gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | luen | en lue | 1st sing. | olen lukenut | en ole lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | luet | et lue | 2nd sing. | olet lukenut | et ole lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | lukee | ei lue | 3rd sing. | on lukenut | ei ole lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | luemme | emme lue | 1st plur. | olemme lukeneet | emme ole lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | luette | ette lue | 2nd plur. | olette lukeneet | ette ole lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | lukevat | eivät lue | 3rd plur. | ovat lukeneet | eivät ole lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | luetaan | ei lueta | passive | on luettu | ei ole luettu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | luin | en lukenut | 1st sing. | olin lukenut | en ollut lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | luit | et lukenut | 2nd sing. | olit lukenut | et ollut lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | luki | ei lukenut | 3rd sing. | oli lukenut | ei ollut lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | luimme | emme lukeneet | 1st plur. | olimme lukeneet | emme olleet lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | luitte | ette lukeneet | 2nd plur. | olitte lukeneet | ette olleet lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | lukivat | eivät lukeneet | 3rd plur. | olivat lukeneet | eivät olleet lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | luettiin | ei luettu | passive | oli luettu | ei ollut luettu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | lukisin | en lukisi | 1st sing. | olisin lukenut | en olisi lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | lukisit | et lukisi | 2nd sing. | olisit lukenut | et olisi lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | lukisi | ei lukisi | 3rd sing. | olisi lukenut | ei olisi lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | lukisimme | emme lukisi | 1st plur. | olisimme lukeneet | emme olisi lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | lukisitte | ette lukisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte lukeneet | ette olisi lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | lukisivat | eivät lukisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat lukeneet | eivät olisi lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | luettaisiin | ei luettaisi | passive | olisi luettu | ei olisi luettu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | lue | älä lue | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | lukekoon | älköön lukeko | 3rd sing. | olkoon lukenut | älköön olko lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | lukekaamme | älkäämme lukeko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | lukekaa | älkää lukeko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | lukekoot | älkööt lukeko | 3rd plur. | olkoot lukeneet | älkööt olko lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | luettakoon | älköön luettako | passive | olkoon luettu | älköön olko luettu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | lukenen | en lukene | 1st sing. | lienen lukenut | en liene lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | lukenet | et lukene | 2nd sing. | lienet lukenut | et liene lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | lukenee | ei lukene | 3rd sing. | lienee lukenut | ei liene lukenut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | lukenemme | emme lukene | 1st plur. | lienemme lukeneet | emme liene lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | lukenette | ette lukene | 2nd plur. | lienette lukeneet | ette liene lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | lukenevat | eivät lukene | 3rd plur. | lienevät lukeneet | eivät liene lukeneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | luettaneen | ei luettane | passive | lienee luettu | ei liene luettu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | lukea | present | lukeva | luettava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | lukenut | luettu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | lukiessa | luettaessa | agent4 | lukema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | lukematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | lukien | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | lukemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | lukemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | lukemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | lukemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | lukematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | lukeman | luettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | lukeminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
editadjectives
nouns
verbs
compounds
References
edit- Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
- Álgu database, Research Institute for the Languages of Finland [1]
Further reading
edit- “lukea”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
editCategories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ukeɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ukeɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish transitive verbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish impersonal verbs
- Finnish terms with obsolete senses
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish laskea-type verbs