piger
Danish edit
Noun edit
piger c
- indefinite plural of pige
French edit
Etymology edit
Believed to be derived from an adjective meaning "caught", from Late Latin *pedicus, from Latin pedica (“snare, shackle, fetter”), and therefore doublet of piéger.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
piger
- (informal, slang) to understand; to get, to catch on, to twig, to cotton on
- Synonym: entraver
- (Canada) to choose at random; to draw
Conjugation edit
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written pige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
| infinitive | simple | piger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | pigeant /pi.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | pigé /pi.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pige /piʒ/ |
piges /piʒ/ |
pige /piʒ/ |
pigeons /pi.ʒɔ̃/ |
pigez /pi.ʒe/ |
pigent /piʒ/ |
| imperfect | pigeais /pi.ʒɛ/ |
pigeais /pi.ʒɛ/ |
pigeait /pi.ʒɛ/ |
pigions /pi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
pigiez /pi.ʒje/ |
pigeaient /pi.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | pigeai /pi.ʒe/ |
pigeas /pi.ʒa/ |
pigea /pi.ʒa/ |
pigeâmes /pi.ʒam/ |
pigeâtes /pi.ʒat/ |
pigèrent /pi.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | pigerai /piʒ.ʁe/ |
pigeras /piʒ.ʁa/ |
pigera /piʒ.ʁa/ |
pigerons /piʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
pigerez /piʒ.ʁe/ |
pigeront /piʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pigerais /piʒ.ʁɛ/ |
pigerais /piʒ.ʁɛ/ |
pigerait /piʒ.ʁɛ/ |
pigerions /pi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
pigeriez /pi.ʒə.ʁje/ |
pigeraient /piʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | pige /piʒ/ |
piges /piʒ/ |
pige /piʒ/ |
pigions /pi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
pigiez /pi.ʒje/ |
pigent /piʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | pigeasse /pi.ʒas/ |
pigeasses /pi.ʒas/ |
pigeât /pi.ʒa/ |
pigeassions /pi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
pigeassiez /pi.ʒa.sje/ |
pigeassent /pi.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | pige /piʒ/ |
— | pigeons /pi.ʒɔ̃/ |
pigez /pi.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “piger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From pigeō (“to feel annoyance at, feel reluctance at”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- (“ill-meaning, evil-minded, treacherous, hostile, bad”). Related to Old English ġefic (“fraud, deceit, deception”), Old English fācen (“deceit, fraud, treachery, sin, evil, crime, blemish, fault”), Middle High German veichen (“dissembling, deceit, fraud”), though De Vaan is skeptical of the links to the Germanic terms.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ɡer/, [ˈpɪɡɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpi.d͡ʒer/, [ˈpiːd͡ʒer]
Adjective edit
piger (feminine pigra, neuter pigrum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | piger | pigra | pigrum | pigrī | pigrae | pigra | |
| Genitive | pigrī | pigrae | pigrī | pigrōrum | pigrārum | pigrōrum | |
| Dative | pigrō | pigrō | pigrīs | ||||
| Accusative | pigrum | pigram | pigrum | pigrōs | pigrās | pigra | |
| Ablative | pigrō | pigrā | pigrō | pigrīs | |||
| Vocative | piger | pigra | pigrum | pigrī | pigrae | pigra | |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “piger”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “piger”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- piger in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- piger in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 464-5