ruveta

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rubët'ak (akin to Ludian rubeta), probably from ruve- (“scab”) +‎ -ta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruʋetɑˣ/, [ˈruʋe̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -uʋetɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ru‧ve‧ta

Verb

ruveta

1. to begin or start to do something (+ active third infinitive in illative, first infinitive or noun in illative)

   Rupeaa satamaan.

   It's beginning to rain.

   Milloin ruvetaan tositoimiin?

   When do we start the real action?

2. to take up (to begin doing an activity on a regular basis) (+ active third infinitive in illative or first infinitive)

   Olen ruvennut ompelemaan.

   I've taken up knitting.

3. to become or wish to become something in the future (+ translative)

   Rupean lääkäriksi.

   I will become a doctor.

   Hän aikoo ruveta tanssijaksi.

   He plans to become a dancer.

Usage notes

• In the sense "to begin" or "to take up", ruveta is usually followed by the active third infinitive form of a verb in illative, a first infinitive or, less often, with illative form of a noun that is closely related to an activity, such as työ (“work”). In the sense "to become something," that which one becomes is in translative.
• (begin to do): ruveta tends to represent a more active and/or voluntary role in the action than alkaa.

Conjugation

Inflection of ruveta (Kotus type 74*E/katketa, p-v gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		rupean	en rupea	1st sing.	olen ruvennut	en ole ruvennut
2nd sing.		rupeat	et rupea	2nd sing.	olet ruvennut	et ole ruvennut
3rd sing.		rupeaa	ei rupea	3rd sing.	on ruvennut	ei ole ruvennut
1st plur.		rupeamme	emme rupea	1st plur.	olemme ruvenneet	emme ole ruvenneet
2nd plur.		rupeatte	ette rupea	2nd plur.	olette ruvenneet	ette ole ruvenneet
3rd plur.		rupeavat	eivät rupea	3rd plur.	ovat ruvenneet	eivät ole ruvenneet
passive		ruvetaan	ei ruveta	passive	on ruvettu	ei ole ruvettu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		rupesin	en ruvennut	1st sing.	olin ruvennut	en ollut ruvennut
2nd sing.		rupesit	et ruvennut	2nd sing.	olit ruvennut	et ollut ruvennut
3rd sing.		rupesi	ei ruvennut	3rd sing.	oli ruvennut	ei ollut ruvennut
1st plur.		rupesimme	emme ruvenneet	1st plur.	olimme ruvenneet	emme olleet ruvenneet
2nd plur.		rupesitte	ette ruvenneet	2nd plur.	olitte ruvenneet	ette olleet ruvenneet
3rd plur.		rupesivat	eivät ruvenneet	3rd plur.	olivat ruvenneet	eivät olleet ruvenneet
passive		ruvettiin	ei ruvettu	passive	oli ruvettu	ei ollut ruvettu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		rupeaisin rupeisin	en rupeaisi en rupeisi	1st sing.	olisin ruvennut	en olisi ruvennut
2nd sing.		rupeaisit rupeisit	et rupeaisi et rupeisi	2nd sing.	olisit ruvennut	et olisi ruvennut
3rd sing.		rupeaisi rupeisi	ei rupeaisi ei rupeisi	3rd sing.	olisi ruvennut	ei olisi ruvennut
1st plur.		rupeaisimme rupeisimme	emme rupeaisi emme rupeisi	1st plur.	olisimme ruvenneet	emme olisi ruvenneet
2nd plur.		rupeaisitte rupeisitte	ette rupeaisi ette rupeisi	2nd plur.	olisitte ruvenneet	ette olisi ruvenneet
3rd plur.		rupeaisivat rupeisivat	eivät rupeaisi eivät rupeisi	3rd plur.	olisivat ruvenneet	eivät olisi ruvenneet
passive		ruvettaisiin	ei ruvettaisi	passive	olisi ruvettu	ei olisi ruvettu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		rupea	älä rupea	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		ruvetkoon	älköön ruvetko	3rd sing.	olkoon ruvennut	älköön olko ruvennut
1st plur.		ruvetkaamme	älkäämme ruvetko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		ruvetkaa	älkää ruvetko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		ruvetkoot	älkööt ruvetko	3rd plur.	olkoot ruvenneet	älkööt olko ruvenneet
passive		ruvettakoon	älköön ruvettako	passive	olkoon ruvettu	älköön olko ruvettu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		ruvennen	en ruvenne	1st sing.	lienen ruvennut	en liene ruvennut
2nd sing.		ruvennet	et ruvenne	2nd sing.	lienet ruvennut	et liene ruvennut
3rd sing.		ruvennee	ei ruvenne	3rd sing.	lienee ruvennut	ei liene ruvennut
1st plur.		ruvennemme	emme ruvenne	1st plur.	lienemme ruvenneet	emme liene ruvenneet
2nd plur.		ruvennette	ette ruvenne	2nd plur.	lienette ruvenneet	ette liene ruvenneet
3rd plur.		ruvennevat	eivät ruvenne	3rd plur.	lienevät ruvenneet	eivät liene ruvenneet
passive		ruvettaneen	ei ruvettane	passive	lienee ruvettu	ei liene ruvettu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		ruveta		present	rupeava	ruvettava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st ruvetakseni ruvetaksemme 2nd ruvetaksesi ruvetaksenne 3rd ruvetakseen ruvetaksensa		past	ruvennut	ruvettu
2nd	inessive2	ruvetessa	ruvettaessa	agent3	rupeama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st ruvetessani ruvetessamme 2nd ruvetessasi ruvetessanne 3rd ruvetessaan ruvetessansa		negative	rupeamaton
	instructive	ruveten	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
3rd	inessive	rupeamassa	—
	elative	rupeamasta	—
	illative	rupeamaan	—
	adessive	rupeamalla	—
	abessive	rupeamatta	—
	instructive	rupeaman	ruvettaman
4th4	verbal noun	rupeaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st rupeamaisillani rupeamaisillamme 2nd rupeamaisillasi rupeamaisillanne 3rd rupeamaisillaan rupeamaisillansa

Synonyms

• alkaa
• aloittaa
• ryhtyä

Derived terms

• rupeama
• rupeaminen

 

Further reading

• “ruveta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• arvetu

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rubët'ak. Cognates include Finnish ruveta and dialectal Estonian rubida.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈruʋetɑ/, [ˈruʋe̞t]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈruʋetɑ/, [ˈruʋe̞d̥ɑ]
• Rhymes: -uʋet, -uʋetɑ
• Hyphenation: ru‧ve‧ta

Verb

ruveta

1. (intransitive + allative) to start using
   • 1916, V. Alava, quoting Vöglä, “1953. Soikkola, Suija. VI1009”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot‎^[3], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:

     Mäntii(n) jänist' ampumaa(n). // Jänis kielelle ruppeis,

     We went to shoot a hare. // The hare engaged his tongue,

2. (auxiliary + third infinitive in illative) to start

Conjugation

Conjugation of ruveta (type 16/maata, p-v gradation, gemination)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	ruppeen	en ruppee	1st singular	oon ruvent, oon ruvennut	en oo ruvent, en oo ruvennut
2nd singular	ruppeet	et ruppee	2nd singular	oot ruvent, oot ruvennut	et oo ruvent, et oo ruvennut
3rd singular	rupejaa	ei ruppee	3rd singular	ono ruvent, ono ruvennut	ei oo ruvent, ei oo ruvennut
1st plural	ruppeemma	emmä ruppee	1st plural	oomma ruvenneet	emmä oo ruvenneet
2nd plural	ruppeetta	että ruppee	2nd plural	ootta ruvenneet	että oo ruvenneet
3rd plural	rupejaat1), ruppeevat2), ruvetaa	evät ruppee, ei ruveta	3rd plural	ovat ruvenneet	evät oo ruvenneet, ei oo ruvettu
impersonal	ruvetaa	ei ruveta	impersonal	ono ruvettu	ei oo ruvettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	rupeisin	en ruvent, en ruvennut	1st singular	olin ruvent, olin ruvennut	en olt ruvent, en olt ruvennut
2nd singular	rupeisit, ruppeist1)	et ruvent, et ruvennut	2nd singular	olit ruvent, olit ruvennut	et olt ruvent, et olt ruvennut
3rd singular	rupeis	ei ruvent, ei ruvennut	3rd singular	oli ruvent, oli ruvennut	ei olt ruvent, ei olt ruvennut
1st plural	rupeisimma	emmä ruvenneet	1st plural	olimma ruvenneet	emmä olleet ruvenneet
2nd plural	rupeisitta	että ruvenneet	2nd plural	olitta ruvenneet	että olleet ruvenneet
3rd plural	rupeisiit1), rupeisivat2), ruvettii	evät ruvenneet, ei ruvettu	3rd plural	olivat ruvenneet	evät olleet ruvenneet, ei olt ruvettu
impersonal	ruvettii	ei ruvettu	impersonal	oli ruvettu	ei olt ruvettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	rupejaisin	en rupejais	1st singular	olisin ruvent, olisin ruvennut	en olis ruvent, en olis ruvennut
2nd singular	rupejaisit, rupejaist1)	et rupejais	2nd singular	olisit ruvent, olisit ruvennut	et olis ruvent, et olis ruvennut
3rd singular	rupejais	ei rupejais	3rd singular	olis ruvent, olis ruvennut	ei olis ruvent, ei olis ruvennut
1st plural	rupejaisimma	emmä rupejais	1st plural	olisimma ruvenneet	emmä olis ruvenneet
2nd plural	rupejaisitta	että rupejais	2nd plural	olisitta ruvenneet	että olis ruvenneet
3rd plural	rupejaisiit1), rupejaisivat2), ruvettais	evät rupejais, ei ruvettais	3rd plural	olisivat ruvenneet	evät olis ruvenneet, ei olis ruvettu
impersonal	ruvettais	ei ruvettais	impersonal	olis ruvettu	ei olis ruvettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	ruppee	elä ruppee	2nd singular	oo ruvent, oo ruvennut	elä oo ruvent, elä oo ruvennut
3rd singular	ruvetkoo	elköö ruvetko	3rd singular	olkoo ruvent, olkoo ruvennut	elköö olko ruvent, elköö olko ruvennut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	ruvetkaa	elkää ruvetko	2nd plural	olkaa ruvenneet	elkää olko ruvenneet
3rd plural	ruvetkoot	elkööt ruvetko, elköö ruvettako	3rd plural	olkoot ruvenneet	elkööt olko ruvenneet, elköö olko ruvettu
impersonal	ruvettakkoo	elköö ruvettako	impersonal	olkoo ruvettu	elköö olko ruvettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	ruvennen	en ruvenne
2nd singular	ruvennet	et ruvenne
3rd singular	ruvennoo	ei ruvenne
1st plural	ruvennemma	emmä ruvenne
2nd plural	ruvennetta	että ruvenne
3rd plural	ruvennoot	evät ruvenne, ei ruvettane
impersonal	ruvettannoo	ei ruvettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		ruveta	present	ruppeeva	ruvettava
2nd	inessive	ruvetees	past	ruvent, ruvennut	ruvettu
	instructive	ruveten	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (ruvetkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	ruppeemaa
	inessive	ruppeemaas
	elative	ruppeemast
	abessive	ruppeemata
4th	nominative	ruppeemiin
	partitive	ruppeemista, ruppeemist

Synonyms

• (to start): alkaa, noissa, käyvvä, lähtiä, aluttaa, täytyä

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 493

Karelian

Verb

ruveta

1. start