skaka
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse skaka (“to shake”), from Proto-Germanic *skakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”). Compare Norwegian skake, Swedish skaka, Danish skage, Low German schaken, English shake.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
skaka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative skók, third-person plural past indicative skóku, supine skekið)
- (transitive, with accusative) to shake
Conjugation edit
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að skaka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
skekið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
skakandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég skek | við skökum | present (nútíð) |
ég skaki | við skökum |
þú skekur | þið skakið | þú skakir | þið skakið | ||
hann, hún, það skekur | þeir, þær, þau skaka | hann, hún, það skaki | þeir, þær, þau skaki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég skók | við skókum | past (þátíð) |
ég skæki | við skækjum |
þú skókst | þið skókuð | þú skækir | þið skækjuð | ||
hann, hún, það skók | þeir, þær, þau skóku | hann, hún, það skæki | þeir, þær, þau skækju | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
skak (þú) | skakið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
skaktu | skakiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að skakast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
skekist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
skakandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég skekst | við skökumst | present (nútíð) |
ég skakist | við skökumst |
þú skekst | þið skakist | þú skakist | þið skakist | ||
hann, hún, það skekst | þeir, þær, þau skakast | hann, hún, það skakist | þeir, þær, þau skakist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég skókst | við skókumst | past (þátíð) |
ég skækist | við skækjumst |
þú skókst | þið skókust | þú skækist | þið skækjust | ||
hann, hún, það skókst | þeir, þær, þau skókust | hann, hún, það skækist | þeir, þær, þau skækjust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
skakst (þú) | skakist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
skakstu | skakisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
skekinn | skekin | skekið | skeknir | skeknar | skekin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
skekinn | skekna | skekið | skekna | skeknar | skekin | |
dative (þágufall) |
skeknum | skekinni | skeknu | skeknum | skeknum | skeknum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
skekins | skekinnar | skekins | skekinna | skekinna | skekinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
skekni | skekna | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
dative (þágufall) |
skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- skaka strokk ("to churn")
Related terms edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
- skake (e-infinitive)
Etymology edit
From Old Norse skaka. Akin to English shake.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
skaka (present tense skakar or skjek, past tense skaka or skok, supine skaka or skjeke, past participle skaka or skjeken, present participle skakande, imperative skak)
- to shake
- 1861, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860:
- […] og so naar Krøningi var fullførd baadi til Kongen og Dronningi høyra Kanonurne skaka Kyrkja […] .
- […] and then, when the coronation of both the King and Queen was finished, to hear the cannon shake the church […]
- to frighten, upset
References edit
- “skaka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams edit
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *skakaną.
Verb edit
skaka (singular past indicative skók, plural past indicative skóku, past participle skekinn)
- to shake
Conjugation edit
infinitive | skaka | |
---|---|---|
present participle | skakandi | |
past participle | skekinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | skek | skók |
2nd-person singular | skekr | skókt |
3rd-person singular | skekr | skók |
1st-person plural | skǫkum | skókum |
2nd-person plural | skakið | skókuð |
3rd-person plural | skaka | skóku |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | skaka | skǿka |
2nd-person singular | skakir | skǿkir |
3rd-person singular | skaki | skǿki |
1st-person plural | skakim | skǿkim |
2nd-person plural | skakið | skǿkið |
3rd-person plural | skaki | skǿki |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | skak | |
1st-person plural | skǫkum | |
2nd-person plural | skakið |
infinitive | skakask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | skakandisk | |
past participle | skekizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | skǫkumk | skókumk |
2nd-person singular | skeksk | skókzk |
3rd-person singular | skeksk | skóksk |
1st-person plural | skǫkumsk | skókumsk |
2nd-person plural | skakizk | skókuzk |
3rd-person plural | skakask | skókusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | skǫkumk | skǿkumk |
2nd-person singular | skakisk | skǿkisk |
3rd-person singular | skakisk | skǿkisk |
1st-person plural | skakimsk | skǿkimsk |
2nd-person plural | skakizk | skǿkizk |
3rd-person plural | skakisk | skǿkisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | skaksk | |
1st-person plural | skǫkumsk | |
2nd-person plural | skakizk |
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: skaka
- Faroese: skaka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skaka; (dialectal) skåkå, skøkø, skæka, skjeka
- Norwegian Bokmål: skake
- Old Swedish: skaka
- Swedish: skaka
- Danish: skage
References edit
- “skaka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse skaka, from Proto-Germanic *skakaną.
Verb edit
skaka
Conjugation edit
present | past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | skaka | — | |||
participle | skakandi, -e | skakaþer | |||
active voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | skakar | skaki, -e | — | skakaþi, -e | skakaþi, -e |
þū | skakar | skaki, -e | skaka | skakaþi, -e | skakaþi, -e |
han | skakar | skaki, -e | — | skakaþi, -e | skakaþi, -e |
vīr | skakum, -om | skakum, -om | skakum, -om | skakaþum, -om | skakaþum, -om |
īr | skakin | skakin | skakin | skakaþin | skakaþin |
þēr | skaka | skakin | — | skakaþu, -o | skakaþin |
mediopassive voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | skakas | skakis, -es | — | skakaþis, -es | skakaþis, -es |
þū | skakas | skakis, -es | — | skakaþis, -es | skakaþis, -es |
han | skakas | skakis, -es | — | skakaþis, -es | skakaþis, -es |
vīr | skakums, -oms | skakums, -oms | — | skakaþums, -oms | skakaþums, -oms |
īr | skakins | skakins | — | skakaþins | skakaþins |
þēr | skakas | skakins | — | skakaþus, -os | skakaþins |
Descendants edit
- Swedish: skaka
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish skaka, from Old Norse skaka (“to shake”), from Proto-Germanic *skakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”). Cognate with Norwegian skake, Danish skage, Icelandic skaka, Low German schaken and English shake.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Verb edit
skaka (present skakar, preterite skakade, supine skakat, imperative skaka)
- (transitive) to shake (physically or to disturb emotionally)
- (intransitive) to shake, to tremble
Conjugation edit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | skaka | skakas | ||
Supine | skakat | skakats | ||
Imperative | skaka | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | skaken | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | skakar | skakade | skakas | skakades |
Ind. plural1 | skaka | skakade | skakas | skakades |
Subjunctive2 | skake | skakade | skakes | skakades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | skakande | |||
Past participle | skakad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |