skaka
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse skaka (“to shake”), from Proto-Germanic *skakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”). Compare Norwegian skake, Swedish skaka, Danish skage, Low German schaken, English shake.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
skaka (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative skók, third-person plural past indicative skóku, supine skekið)
- (transitive, with accusative) to shake
ConjugationEdit
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að skaka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
skekið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
skakandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég skek | við skökum | present (nútíð) |
ég skaki | við skökum |
þú skekur | þið skakið | þú skakir | þið skakið | ||
hann, hún, það skekur | þeir, þær, þau skaka | hann, hún, það skaki | þeir, þær, þau skaki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég skók | við skókum | past (þátíð) |
ég skæki | við skækjum |
þú skókst | þið skókuð | þú skækir | þið skækjuð | ||
hann, hún, það skók | þeir, þær, þau skóku | hann, hún, það skæki | þeir, þær, þau skækju | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
skak (þú) | skakið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
skaktu | skakiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að skakast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
skekist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
skakandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég skekst | við skökumst | present (nútíð) |
ég skakist | við skökumst |
þú skekst | þið skakist | þú skakist | þið skakist | ||
hann, hún, það skekst | þeir, þær, þau skakast | hann, hún, það skakist | þeir, þær, þau skakist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég skókst | við skókumst | past (þátíð) |
ég skækist | við skækjumst |
þú skókst | þið skókust | þú skækist | þið skækjust | ||
hann, hún, það skókst | þeir, þær, þau skókust | hann, hún, það skækist | þeir, þær, þau skækjust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
skakst (þú) | skakist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
skakstu | skakisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
skekinn | skekin | skekið | skeknir | skeknar | skekin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
skekinn | skekna | skekið | skekna | skeknar | skekin | |
dative (þágufall) |
skeknum | skekinni | skeknu | skeknum | skeknum | skeknum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
skekins | skekinnar | skekins | skekinna | skekinna | skekinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
skekni | skekna | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
dative (þágufall) |
skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
skekna | skeknu | skekna | skeknu | skeknu | skeknu |
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- skaka strokk ("to churn")
Related termsEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- skake (e-infinitive)
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse skaka. Akin to English shake.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
skaka (present tense skakar or skjek, past tense skaka or skok, supine skaka or skjeke, past participle skaka or skjeken, present participle skakande, imperative skak)
- to shake
- 1861, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, "Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860":
- […] og so naar Krøningi var fullførd baadi til Kongen og Dronningi høyra Kanonurne skaka Kyrkja […] .
- […] and then, when the coronation of both the King and Queen was finished, to hear the cannon shake the church […]
- […] og so naar Krøningi var fullførd baadi til Kongen og Dronningi høyra Kanonurne skaka Kyrkja […] .
- 1861, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, "Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860":
- to frighten, upset
ReferencesEdit
- “skaka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
Old NorseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *skakaną.
VerbEdit
skaka (singular past indicative skók, plural past indicative skóku, past participle skekit)
- to shake
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | skaka | |
---|---|---|
present participle | skakandi | |
past participle | skekinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | skek | skók |
2nd-person singular | skekr | skókt |
3rd-person singular | skekr | skók |
1st-person plural | skǫkum | skókum |
2nd-person plural | skakið | skókuð |
3rd-person plural | skaka | skóku |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | skaka | skœka |
2nd-person singular | skakir | skœkir |
3rd-person singular | skaki | skœki |
1st-person plural | skakim | skœkim |
2nd-person plural | skakið | skœkið |
3rd-person plural | skaki | skœki |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | skak | |
1st-person plural | skǫkum | |
2nd-person plural | skakið |
infinitive | skakask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | skakandisk | |
past participle | skekizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | skǫkumk | skókumk |
2nd-person singular | skeksk | skókzk |
3rd-person singular | skeksk | skóksk |
1st-person plural | skǫkumsk | skókumsk |
2nd-person plural | skakizk | skókuzk |
3rd-person plural | skakask | skókusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | skǫkumk | skœkumk |
2nd-person singular | skakisk | skœkisk |
3rd-person singular | skakisk | skœkisk |
1st-person plural | skakimsk | skœkimsk |
2nd-person plural | skakizk | skœkizk |
3rd-person plural | skakisk | skœkisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | skaksk | |
1st-person plural | skǫkumsk | |
2nd-person plural | skakizk |
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- skaka in Geir T. Zoëga, A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910
Old SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse skaka, from Proto-Germanic *skakaną.
VerbEdit
skaka
ConjugationEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Swedish: skaka
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Swedish skaka, from Old Norse skaka (“to shake”), from Proto-Germanic *skakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to shake, stir”). Cognate with Norwegian skake, Danish skage, Icelandic skaka, Low German schaken and English shake.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
VerbEdit
skaka (present skakar, preterite skakade, supine skakat, imperative skaka)
- (transitive) to shake (physically or to disturb emotionally)
- (intransitive) to shake, to tremble
ConjugationEdit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | skaka | skakas | ||
Supine | skakat | skakats | ||
Imperative | skaka | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | skakar | skakade | skakas | skakades |
Indicative plural1 | skaka | skakade | skakas | skakades |
Subjunctive2 | skake | skakade | skakes | skakades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | skakande | |||
Past participle | skakad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |