tirgus
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Some consider this word borrowed from Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ, “market, commerce”), which agrees with the u in Lithuanian (and Latvian dialectal) tur̃gus, but not with the i in standard tirgus. Others propose that it is the natural development of Proto-Baltic *terg-, *tirg-, from Proto-Indo-European *ter-, *tor-, *tr̥- (“to make noise, to talk a lot”) (whence Latvian tērzēt, tirzāt (“to chat, to chatter”), q.v.) with an extra -g (whence also Latvian tērgot, tērgāt (“to chat, to chatter”), where the long ē is secondary; q.v.). The semantic evolution would be, in this case: “much (loud) talking” > “noise, bustle” (still currently attested; see below) > “(place where there is) much noise, bustle” > “place where people meet, village square, market.” In the 18th and 19th centuries, the meaning “price” is also attested. Cognates include Lithuanian tur̃gus, Proto-Slavic *tъrgъ (Old Church Slavonic тръгъ (trŭgŭ, “people gathering, market, marketplace”), Old East Slavic търгъ (tŭrgŭ), торгъ (torgŭ, “market, commerce”), Russian, Ukrainian торг (torg, “commerce; (arch.) market; (pl.) auction”), Bulgarian търг (tǎrg, “auction; commerce”), Czech trh (“market”), Polish targ (“market”)), Old Norse, Icelandic, Swedish torg (“market, marketplace”), Danish torv (“market, marketplace”), Albanian treg (“market”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tirgus m (3rd declension)
- market, marketplace (a square, a building, a space, where agricultural and/or industrial goods are sold and bought; the kind of buying and selling that takes place in such a place)
- tirgus laukums ― market square, marketplace
- tirgus burzma ― market bustle
- rudens tirgus ― autumn market
- zivju tirgus ― fish market
- puķu tirgus ― flower market
- tirgus cena ― market price
- tirgus soma ― market bag
- iepirkties tirgū ― to shop in the market
- vest uz tirgu ābolus ― to take apples to the market
- gada tirgus, gadatirgus ― year market, fair
- nedeļas tirgus ― weekly market
- tirgus sieva ― market woman (i.e., who trades in a market)
- krāmu tirgus ― flea market (where common, used objects are sold)
- melnais tirgus ― black market (= illegal market)
- (figuratively) noise, uproar, confusion
- netaisiet tirgu! ― don't make a market! (= confusion, noise)
- drīz vien bērni sāka kliegt cits caur citu: sacēlas īsts tirgus ― soon the children started shouting at each other: a real market (= confusion, uproar) arose
- market (system of trading; trade processes, relations)
- iekšējais, vietējais, ārējais tirgus ― internal, local, foreign market
- starptautiskais tirgus ― international market
- naftas tirgus ― the oil market
- brīvais tirgus ― free market
- brīvā tirgus ekonomika ― free market economy
- tirgus attiecības ― market relations
- pasaules tirgus ― the world market (= international trade system)
Declension edit
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | tirgus | tirgi |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | tirgu | tirgus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | tirgus | tirgu |
| dative (datīvs) | tirgum | tirgiem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | tirgu | tirgiem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | tirgū | tirgos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | tirgus | tirgi |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “tirgus”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN