tokkua
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Related to Votic tokkua.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtokːuɑ/, [ˈto̞kːo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtokːuɑ/, [ˈto̞kːuɑ]
- Rhymes: -okːoː, -okːuɑ
- Hyphenation: tok‧ku‧a
Verb edit
tokkua
- (intransitive) to fall
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 5:
- A hattu tokkui nenän päälle.
- And the hat fell onto his nose.
- (intransitive) to form
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 14:
- Kunis läkäsivät, jää sil aikaa tokkui.
- While they were talking, in that time the ice formed.
Conjugation edit
| Conjugation of tokkua (type 1/ampua, kk-k gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | tokun | en toku | 1st singular | oon tokkunt, oon tokkunut | en oo tokkunt, en oo tokkunut |
| 2nd singular | tokut | et toku | 2nd singular | oot tokkunt, oot tokkunut | et oo tokkunt, et oo tokkunut |
| 3rd singular | tokkuu | ei toku | 3rd singular | ono tokkunt, ono tokkunut | ei oo tokkunt, ei oo tokkunut |
| 1st plural | tokumma | emmä toku | 1st plural | oomma tokkuneet | emmä oo tokkuneet |
| 2nd plural | tokutta | että toku | 2nd plural | ootta tokkuneet | että oo tokkuneet |
| 3rd plural | tokkuut1), tokkuvat2), tokutaa | evät toku, ei tokuta | 3rd plural | ovat tokkuneet | evät oo tokkuneet, ei oo tokuttu |
| impersonal | tokutaa | ei tokuta | impersonal | ono tokuttu | ei oo tokuttu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | tokuin | en tokkunt, en tokkunut | 1st singular | olin tokkunt, olin tokkunut | en olt tokkunt, en olt tokkunut |
| 2nd singular | tokuit | et tokkunt, et tokkunut | 2nd singular | olit tokkunt, olit tokkunut | et olt tokkunt, et olt tokkunut |
| 3rd singular | tokkui | ei tokkunt, ei tokkunut | 3rd singular | oli tokkunt, oli tokkunut | ei olt tokkunt, ei olt tokkunut |
| 1st plural | tokuimma | emmä tokkuneet | 1st plural | olimma tokkuneet | emmä olleet tokkuneet |
| 2nd plural | tokuitta | että tokkuneet | 2nd plural | olitta tokkuneet | että olleet tokkuneet |
| 3rd plural | tokkuit1), tokkuivat2), tokuttii | evät tokkuneet, ei tokuttu | 3rd plural | olivat tokkuneet | evät olleet tokkuneet, ei olt tokuttu |
| impersonal | tokuttii | ei tokuttu | impersonal | oli tokuttu | ei olt tokuttu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | tokkuisin | en tokkuis | 1st singular | olisin tokkunt, olisin tokkunut | en olis tokkunt, en olis tokkunut |
| 2nd singular | tokkuisit, tokkuist1) | et tokkuis | 2nd singular | olisit tokkunt, olisit tokkunut | et olis tokkunt, et olis tokkunut |
| 3rd singular | tokkuis | ei tokkuis | 3rd singular | olis tokkunt, olis tokkunut | ei olis tokkunt, ei olis tokkunut |
| 1st plural | tokkuisimma | emmä tokkuis | 1st plural | olisimma tokkuneet | emmä olis tokkuneet |
| 2nd plural | tokkuisitta | että tokkuis | 2nd plural | olisitta tokkuneet | että olis tokkuneet |
| 3rd plural | tokkuisiit1), tokkuisivat2), tokuttais | evät tokkuis, ei tokuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat tokkuneet | evät olis tokkuneet, ei olis tokuttu |
| impersonal | tokuttais | ei tokuttais | impersonal | olis tokuttu | ei olis tokuttu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | toku | elä toku | 2nd singular | oo tokkunt, oo tokkunut | elä oo tokkunt, elä oo tokkunut |
| 3rd singular | tokkukoo | elköö tokkuko | 3rd singular | olkoo tokkunt, olkoo tokkunut | elköö olko tokkunt, elköö olko tokkunut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | tokkukaa | elkää tokkuko | 2nd plural | olkaa tokkuneet | elkää olko tokkuneet |
| 3rd plural | tokkukoot | elkööt tokkuko, elköö tokuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot tokkuneet | elkööt olko tokkuneet, elköö olko tokuttu |
| impersonal | tokuttakkoo | elköö tokuttako | impersonal | olkoo tokuttu | elköö olko tokuttu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | tokkunen | en tokkune | |||
| 2nd singular | tokkunet | et tokkune | |||
| 3rd singular | tokkunoo | ei tokkune | |||
| 1st plural | tokkunemma | emmä tokkune | |||
| 2nd plural | tokkunetta | että tokkune | |||
| 3rd plural | tokkunoot | evät tokkune, ei tokuttane | |||
| impersonal | tokuttannoo | ei tokuttane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | tokkua | present | tokkuva | tokuttava | |
| 2nd | inessive | tokkujees | past | tokkunt, tokkunut | tokuttu |
| instructive | tokkuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (tokkukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | tokkumaa | |||
| inessive | tokkumaas | ||||
| elative | tokkumast | ||||
| abessive | tokkumata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | tokkumiin | |||
| partitive | tokkumista, tokkumist | ||||
Synonyms edit
- (to fall): langeta
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 5
Votic edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Related to Ingrian tokkua.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tokkua
- (intransitive) to fall, drop
Inflection edit
| Conjugation of tokkua (type II-1/kuttsua, kk-k gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | tokun | en toku | 1st singular | õõn tokkunnu | en õõ tokkunnu |
| 2nd singular | tokud | ed toku | 2nd singular | õõd tokkunnu | ed õõ tokkunnu |
| 3rd singular | tokub | eb toku | 3rd singular | on tokkunnu | eb õõ tokkunnu |
| 1st plural | tokummõ | emmä toku | 1st plural | öõmmõ tokkunnu | emmä õõ tokkunnu |
| 2nd plural | tokuttõ | että toku | 2nd plural | õõttõ tokkunnu | että õõ tokkunnu |
| 3rd plural | tokuta | eväd toku | 3rd plural | õlla tokuttu | eväd õõ tokuttu |
| impersonal | tokuta | eväd toku | impersonal | õlla tokuttu | eväd õõ tokuttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | tokkuzin | en tokkunnu | 1st singular | õlin tokkunnu | — |
| 2nd singular | tokkuzid | ed tokkunnu | 2nd singular | õlid tokkunnu | — |
| 3rd singular | tokku | eb tokkunnu | 3rd singular | õli tokkunnu | — |
| 1st plural | tokkuzimmõ | emmä tokkunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ tokkunnu | — |
| 2nd plural | tokkuzittõ | että tokkunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ tokkunnu | — |
| 3rd plural | tokutti | eväd tokuttu | 3rd plural | õlti tokuttu | — |
| impersonal | tokutti | eväd tokuttu | impersonal | õlti tokuttu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | tokkuizin | en tokkuizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin tokkunnu | en õllõizʹ tokkunnu |
| 2nd singular | tokkuizid | ed tokkuizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid tokkunnu | ed õllõizʹ tokkunnu |
| 3rd singular | tokkuizʹ | eb tokkuizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ tokkunnu | eb õllõizʹ tokkunnu |
| 1st plural | tokkuizimmõ | emmä tokkuizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ tokkunnu | emmä õllõizʹ tokkunnu |
| 2nd plural | tokkuizittõ | että tokkuizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ tokkunnu | että õllõizʹ tokkunnu |
| 3rd plural | tokuttaizʹ | eväd tokuttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ tokuttu | eväd õltaizʹ tokuttu |
| impersonal | tokuttaizʹ | eväd tokuttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ tokuttu | eväd õltaizʹ tokuttu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | toku | elä toku | |||
| 3rd singular | tokkugo | elko tokkugo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | tokkuga | elka tokkuga | |||
| 3rd plural | tokkugod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | tokkua | present | tokkujõ1) | — | |
| 2nd | illative | tokkuma | past | tokkunnu | tokuttu |
| inessive | tokkumõz | 1) also used as the agent noun | |||
| elative | tokkumassõ | ||||
| abessive | tokkumattõ | ||||
References edit
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “tokkua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn