ampua
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ampudak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *ampɜ-.[1] Probably cognate to Erzya аволдамс (avoldams, “to swing”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editampua
- (transitive) to shoot (fire a projectile or a weapon that fires a projectile)
- Ammuin sinua.
- I shot (at) you.
- Ammuin sinut.
- I shot (and killed) you.
- (transitive, informal) to explode, blast, especially to blast rock
- Synonym: räjäyttää
- (sports, informal) to shoot (attempt to score a goal in a ball game)
Usage notes
edit- (to shoot): This verb may be telic (take an accusative object) or atelic (take a partitive object). The former implies shooting to death and the latter not to death, unless otherwise specified. Further emphasis can be made if necessary:
- ampua kuoliaaksi ― to shoot dead
- ampua (jotakuta) kohti (with the implication of missing) ― to shoot at (someone)
Conjugation
editInflection of ampua (Kotus type 52*H/sanoa, mp-mm gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | ammun | en ammu | 1st sing. | olen ampunut | en ole ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ammut | et ammu | 2nd sing. | olet ampunut | et ole ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ampuu | ei ammu | 3rd sing. | on ampunut | ei ole ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ammumme | emme ammu | 1st plur. | olemme ampuneet | emme ole ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ammutte | ette ammu | 2nd plur. | olette ampuneet | ette ole ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ampuvat | eivät ammu | 3rd plur. | ovat ampuneet | eivät ole ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ammutaan | ei ammuta | passive | on ammuttu | ei ole ammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | ammuin | en ampunut | 1st sing. | olin ampunut | en ollut ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ammuit | et ampunut | 2nd sing. | olit ampunut | et ollut ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ampui | ei ampunut | 3rd sing. | oli ampunut | ei ollut ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ammuimme | emme ampuneet | 1st plur. | olimme ampuneet | emme olleet ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ammuitte | ette ampuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte ampuneet | ette olleet ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ampuivat | eivät ampuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat ampuneet | eivät olleet ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ammuttiin | ei ammuttu | passive | oli ammuttu | ei ollut ammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | ampuisin | en ampuisi | 1st sing. | olisin ampunut | en olisi ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ampuisit | et ampuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit ampunut | et olisi ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ampuisi | ei ampuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi ampunut | ei olisi ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ampuisimme | emme ampuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme ampuneet | emme olisi ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ampuisitte | ette ampuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte ampuneet | ette olisi ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ampuisivat | eivät ampuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat ampuneet | eivät olisi ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ammuttaisiin | ei ammuttaisi | passive | olisi ammuttu | ei olisi ammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ammu | älä ammu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ampukoon | älköön ampuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon ampunut | älköön olko ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ampukaamme | älkäämme ampuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ampukaa | älkää ampuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ampukoot | älkööt ampuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot ampuneet | älkööt olko ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ammuttakoon | älköön ammuttako | passive | olkoon ammuttu | älköön olko ammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | ampunen | en ampune | 1st sing. | lienen ampunut | en liene ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ampunet | et ampune | 2nd sing. | lienet ampunut | et liene ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ampunee | ei ampune | 3rd sing. | lienee ampunut | ei liene ampunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ampunemme | emme ampune | 1st plur. | lienemme ampuneet | emme liene ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ampunette | ette ampune | 2nd plur. | lienette ampuneet | ette liene ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ampunevat | eivät ampune | 3rd plur. | lienevät ampuneet | eivät liene ampuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | ammuttaneen | ei ammuttane | passive | lienee ammuttu | ei liene ammuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | ampua | present | ampuva | ammuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | ampunut | ammuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | ampuessa | ammuttaessa | agent3 | ampuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | ampumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | ampuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | ampumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | ampumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | ampumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | ampumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | ampumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | ampuman | ammuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | ampuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
editnouns
verbs
compounds
- ampuma-ala
- ampuma-alue
- ampuma-ase
- ampuma-asento
- ampuma-aukko
- ampumaetäisyys
- ampumahaava
- ampumahalli
- ampumaharjoitus
- ampumahauta
- ampumahiihto
- ampumahiihtäjä
- ampumajuoksu
- ampumakilpailu
- ampumakunto
- ampumalava
- ampumaleiri
- ampumalinja
- ampumamatka
- ampumaoppi
- ampumapeli
- ampumapesäke
- ampumarata
- ampumaseura
- ampumataito
- ampumatarkkuus
- ampumatarvike
- ampumatasanne
- ampumataulu
- ampumaurheilu
- ampumavälikohtaus
- yliampua
References
editFurther reading
edit- “ampua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Ingrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ampudak. Cognates include Finnish ampua and Veps ampta.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑmpuɑ/, [ˈɑmpo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑmpuɑ/, [ˈɑmpuɑ]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈɑmpuɑk/, [ˈɑmpuɑɡ̊]
- Rhymes: -ɑmpoː, -ɑmpuɑ
- Hyphenation: am‧pu‧a
Verb
editampua
- (transitive) to shoot
- 1885, “Sprachproben: Der goldene Vogel”, in Volmari Porkka, editor, Ueber den Ingrischen Dialekt mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen finnisch-ingermanländischen Dialekte:
- Poika ampui lintua.
- The boy shot the bird.
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 18:
- Repo repi kanan. Miko ammu repo!
- The fox snatches the hen. Miko shoot the fox!
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 36:
- Jahtimees pyssynkä ampui jäniksen.
- The hunter shot a hare with a gun.
- (transitive) to strike
- (transitive, usually atelic) to request
- (intransitive) to shoot, fire
Usage notes
edit- In the sense "to shoot", the partitive is used in order to denote a shot that wounded the target, and the accusative is used to denote a shot that killed the target:
- Miä ammuin reppoa, mut en jaksant tappaa. ― I shot at the fox, but couldn't kill it.
- Miä ammuin jäniksen ja söin hänen. ― I shot the hare and ate it.
Conjugation
editConjugation of ampua (type 1/ampua, mp-mm gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | ammun | en ammu | 1st singular | oon ampunt, oon ampunut | en oo ampunt, en oo ampunut |
2nd singular | ammut | et ammu | 2nd singular | oot ampunt, oot ampunut | et oo ampunt, et oo ampunut |
3rd singular | ampuu | ei ammu | 3rd singular | ono ampunt, ono ampunut | ei oo ampunt, ei oo ampunut |
1st plural | ammumma | emmä ammu | 1st plural | oomma ampuneet | emmä oo ampuneet |
2nd plural | ammutta | että ammu | 2nd plural | ootta ampuneet | että oo ampuneet |
3rd plural | ampuut1), ampuvat2), ammutaa | evät ammu, ei ammuta | 3rd plural | ovat ampuneet | evät oo ampuneet, ei oo ammuttu |
impersonal | ammutaa | ei ammuta | impersonal | ono ammuttu | ei oo ammuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | ammuin | en ampunt, en ampunut | 1st singular | olin ampunt, olin ampunut | en olt ampunt, en olt ampunut |
2nd singular | ammuit | et ampunt, et ampunut | 2nd singular | olit ampunt, olit ampunut | et olt ampunt, et olt ampunut |
3rd singular | ampui | ei ampunt, ei ampunut | 3rd singular | oli ampunt, oli ampunut | ei olt ampunt, ei olt ampunut |
1st plural | ammuimma | emmä ampuneet | 1st plural | olimma ampuneet | emmä olleet ampuneet |
2nd plural | ammuitta | että ampuneet | 2nd plural | olitta ampuneet | että olleet ampuneet |
3rd plural | ampuit1), ampuivat2), ammuttii | evät ampuneet, ei ammuttu | 3rd plural | olivat ampuneet | evät olleet ampuneet, ei olt ammuttu |
impersonal | ammuttii | ei ammuttu | impersonal | oli ammuttu | ei olt ammuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | ampuisin | en ampuis | 1st singular | olisin ampunt, olisin ampunut | en olis ampunt, en olis ampunut |
2nd singular | ampuisit, ampuist1) | et ampuis | 2nd singular | olisit ampunt, olisit ampunut | et olis ampunt, et olis ampunut |
3rd singular | ampuis | ei ampuis | 3rd singular | olis ampunt, olis ampunut | ei olis ampunt, ei olis ampunut |
1st plural | ampuisimma | emmä ampuis | 1st plural | olisimma ampuneet | emmä olis ampuneet |
2nd plural | ampuisitta | että ampuis | 2nd plural | olisitta ampuneet | että olis ampuneet |
3rd plural | ampuisiit1), ampuisivat2), ammuttais | evät ampuis, ei ammuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat ampuneet | evät olis ampuneet, ei olis ammuttu |
impersonal | ammuttais | ei ammuttais | impersonal | olis ammuttu | ei olis ammuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | ammu | elä ammu | 2nd singular | oo ampunt, oo ampunut | elä oo ampunt, elä oo ampunut |
3rd singular | ampukoo | elköö ampuko | 3rd singular | olkoo ampunt, olkoo ampunut | elköö olko ampunt, elköö olko ampunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | ampukaa | elkää ampuko | 2nd plural | olkaa ampuneet | elkää olko ampuneet |
3rd plural | ampukoot | elkööt ampuko, elköö ammuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot ampuneet | elkööt olko ampuneet, elköö olko ammuttu |
impersonal | ammuttakkoo | elköö ammuttako | impersonal | olkoo ammuttu | elköö olko ammuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | ampunen | en ampune | |||
2nd singular | ampunet | et ampune | |||
3rd singular | ampunoo | ei ampune | |||
1st plural | ampunemma | emmä ampune | |||
2nd plural | ampunetta | että ampune | |||
3rd plural | ampunoot | evät ampune, ei ammuttane | |||
impersonal | ammuttannoo | ei ammuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | ampua | present | ampuva | ammuttava | |
2nd | inessive | ampujees | past | ampunt, ampunut | ammuttu |
instructive | ampuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (ampukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | ampumaa | |||
inessive | ampumaas | ||||
elative | ampumast | ||||
abessive | ampumata | ||||
4th | nominative | ampumiin | |||
partitive | ampumista, ampumist |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 15
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 20
Votic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ampudak (possibly through Ingrian or Finnish), from Proto-Finno-Permic *ampɜ-.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editampua
Inflection
editConjugation of ampua (type II-1/kuttsua, mp-mm gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | ammun | en ammu | 1st singular | õõn ampunnu | en õõ ampunnu |
2nd singular | ammud | ed ammu | 2nd singular | õõd ampunnu | ed õõ ampunnu |
3rd singular | ammub | eb ammu | 3rd singular | on ampunnu | eb õõ ampunnu |
1st plural | ammummõ | emmä ammu | 1st plural | õõmmõ ampunnu | emmä õõ ampunnu |
2nd plural | ammuttõ | että ammu | 2nd plural | õõttõ ampunnu | että õõ ampunnu |
3rd plural | ammuta | eväd ammu | 3rd plural | õlla ammuttu | eväd õõ ammuttu |
impersonal | ammuta | eväd ammu | impersonal | õlla ammuttu | eväd õõ ammuttu |
Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | ampuzin | en ampunnu | 1st singular | õlin ampunnu | — |
2nd singular | ampuzid | ed ampunnu | 2nd singular | õlid ampunnu | — |
3rd singular | ampu | eb ampunnu | 3rd singular | õli ampunnu | — |
1st plural | ampuzimmõ | emmä ampunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ ampunnu | — |
2nd plural | ampuzittõ | että ampunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ ampunnu | — |
3rd plural | ammutti | eväd ammuttu | 3rd plural | õlti ammuttu | — |
impersonal | ammutti | eväd ammuttu | impersonal | õlti ammuttu | — |
Conditional | |||||
Present | Perfect | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | ampuizin | en ampuizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin ampunnu | en õllõizʹ ampunnu |
2nd singular | ampuizid | ed ampuizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid ampunnu | ed õllõizʹ ampunnu |
3rd singular | ampuizʹ | eb ampuizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ ampunnu | eb õllõizʹ ampunnu |
1st plural | ampuizimmõ | emmä ampuizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ ampunnu | emmä õllõizʹ ampunnu |
2nd plural | ampuizittõ | että ampuizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ ampunnu | että õllõizʹ ampunnu |
3rd plural | ammuttaizʹ | eväd ammuttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ ammuttu | eväd õltaizʹ ammuttu |
impersonal | ammuttaizʹ | eväd ammuttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ ammuttu | eväd õltaizʹ ammuttu |
Imperative | |||||
Present | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | — | — | |||
2nd singular | ammu | elä ammu | |||
3rd singular | ampugo | elko ampugo | |||
1st plural | — | — | |||
2nd plural | ampuga | elka ampuga | |||
3rd plural | ampugod | — | |||
impersonal | — | — | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitives | Participles | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | ampua | present | ampujõ1) | — | |
2nd | illative | ampuma | past | ampunnu | ammuttu |
inessive | ampumõz | 1) also used as the agent noun | |||
elative | ampumõssõ | ||||
abessive | ampumõttõ |
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ampua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑmpuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑmpuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish transitive verbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish informal terms
- fi:Sports
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmpoː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmpoː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmpuɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑmpuɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian transitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with usage examples
- izh:Hunting
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Ingrian
- Votic terms derived from Finnish
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑmpuɑ̯
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑmpuɑ̯/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic verbs
- Votic kuttsua-type verbs