tumma
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)
- dark (of colour)
- Hänellä on tumma tukka.
- She has dark hair.
- Minä käytän vain tummia vaatteita.
- I only wear dark clothes.
- dark-haired
- Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.
- The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.
Usage notes edit
- The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:
- tummankeltainen (“dark yellow”)
- tummaihoinen (“dark-skinned”)
Declension edit
Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | tumma | tummat | |
genitive | tumman | tummien | |
partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tumma | tummat | |
accusative | nom. | tumma | tummat |
gen. | tumman | ||
genitive | tumman | tummien tummainrare | |
partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
inessive | tummassa | tummissa | |
elative | tummasta | tummista | |
illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
adessive | tummalla | tummilla | |
ablative | tummalta | tummilta | |
allative | tummalle | tummille | |
essive | tummana | tummina | |
translative | tummaksi | tummiksi | |
abessive | tummatta | tummitta | |
instructive | — | tummin | |
comitative | — | tummine |
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Compounds edit
Noun edit
tumma (informal)
- (possibly derogatory) Romani, Rom (person)
- Tummat kruisasivat Mersullaan kylän halki.
- The Romani cruised through the town in their Mercedes Benz.
Declension edit
Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | tumma | tummat | ||
genitive | tumman | tummien | ||
partitive | tummaa | tummia | ||
illative | tummaan | tummiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | tumma | tummat | ||
accusative | nom. | tumma | tummat | |
gen. | tumman | |||
genitive | tumman | tummien tummainrare | ||
partitive | tummaa | tummia | ||
inessive | tummassa | tummissa | ||
elative | tummasta | tummista | ||
illative | tummaan | tummiin | ||
adessive | tummalla | tummilla | ||
ablative | tummalta | tummilta | ||
allative | tummalle | tummille | ||
essive | tummana | tummina | ||
translative | tummaksi | tummiksi | ||
abessive | tummatta | tummitta | ||
instructive | — | tummin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “tumma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams edit
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumːɑ]
- Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
- Hyphenation: tum‧ma
Adjective edit
tumma (comparative tummemp)
Declension edit
Declension of tumma (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | tumma | tummat |
genitive | tumman | tummiin |
partitive | tummaa | tummia |
illative | tummaa | tummii |
inessive | tummaas | tummiis |
elative | tummast | tummist |
allative | tummalle | tummille |
adessive | tummaal | tummiil |
ablative | tummalt | tummilt |
translative | tummaks | tummiks |
essive | tummanna, tummaan | tumminna, tummiin |
exessive1) | tummant | tummint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608
Sidamo edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tumma f
Declension edit
Declension of tumma
(feminine)
unmodified | modified | |
---|---|---|
predicative | tumma | |
nominative | tumma | tumma |
genitive | tummate*) | tumma*) |
dative | tummate | tummara |
accusative | tumma*) | |
ablative | tummatenni | tummanni |
*) Stressed on the final vowel. |
References edit
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)
- to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
- to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against each other), to shake on it, to pinky swear
- Vi tummade på det
- We shook on it
- to slightly compromise on, to skimp on (something)
- De tummade på säkerheten
- They compromised / skimped on security
- (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)
Usage notes edit
Close to synonymous with göra avkall på in (sense 3). Often of being willing to compromise on or play a bit fast and loose with something considered important, in a critical sense.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of tumma (weak)
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | tumma | tummas | ||
Supine | tummat | tummats | ||
Imperative | tumma | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | tummen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | tummar | tummade | tummas | tummades |
Ind. plural1 | tumma | tummade | tummas | tummades |
Subjunctive2 | tumme | tummade | tummes | tummades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | tummande | |||
Past participle | tummad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |