vacuus

Latin

Alternative forms

• vaquus (Vulgar or Late Latin, Appendix Probi)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wakowos. Equivalent to vacō (“I am empty, void”) +‎ -uus (“adjective-forming suffix”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯a.ku.us/, [ˈu̯äkuʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈva.ku.us/, [ˈväːkuːs]

Adjective

vacuus (feminine vacua, neuter vacuum); first/second-declension adjective

1. empty, vacant, unoccupied

   Synonyms: vānus, inānis

   Antonyms: plēnus, refertus, implētus, explētus, complētus, frequēns

   Fēmina dīxit pōculum vacuum esse.

   The woman said that the cup was empty.

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:

     Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās.

     And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.

2. devoid or free of, without

   Synonyms: carēns, expers, viduus

   Antonyms: abundāns, cōpiōsus, cumulātus, largus, ūber, fēcundus

3. (of time) free, unoccupied
4. (of women) free, unmarried, single

   Synonym: caelebs

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	vacuus	vacua	vacuum		vacuī	vacuae	vacua
Genitive	vacuī	vacuae	vacuī		vacuōrum	vacuārum	vacuōrum
Dative	vacuō		vacuō		vacuīs
Accusative	vacuum	vacuam	vacuum		vacuōs	vacuās	vacua
Ablative	vacuō	vacuā	vacuō		vacuīs
Vocative	vacue	vacua	vacuum		vacuī	vacuae	vacua

Derived terms

• vacuitās
• vacuum
• vacuē
• vacuō
• vocitus

 

Related terms

• vacāns
• vacanter

Descendants

• Inherited:
  • Galician: vougo
  • Portuguese: vago
  • Spanish: vago
• Borrowed:
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *gwag (see there for further descendants)
  • → Catalan: vacu (learned)
  • → English: vacuous, vacuum
  • → Italian: vacuo (learned)
  • → Portuguese: vácuo (learned)
  • → Romanian: vacuu (learned)
  • → Sicilian: vàcuu (learned)
  • → Spanish: vacuo (learned)

References

• “vacuus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vacuus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vacuus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• vacuus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.