spiritus
See also: Spiritus
English
editEtymology
editFrom Latin spīritus. Doublet of spirit, spirytus, sprite, spright, and esprit.
Noun
editspiritus (plural spirituses or spiritus)
- A breathing.
- An aspirate.
- Any spirituous preparation.
Related terms
editCzech
editEtymology
editDerived from Latin spīritus, from or related to spīrō.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editspiritus m inan
Declension
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
editDutch
editEtymology
editFrom Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”).
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editspiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n) (in sense 2)
- methylated spirit
- Synonym: brandspiritus
- (orthography) A kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis.
Descendants
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Dutch spiritus, from Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”). Doublet of spirit.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editspiritus (plural spiritus-spiritus, first-person possessive spiritusku, second-person possessive spiritusmu, third-person possessive spiritusnya)
Alternative forms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “spiritus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
editEtymology
editFrom spīrō (“I breathe; I blow, exhale, emit; I respire; I live; I am inspired; I show, express”) + -tus.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈspiː.ri.tus/, [ˈs̠piːrɪt̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈspi.ri.tus/, [ˈspiːrit̪us]
Noun
editspīritus m (genitive spīritūs); fourth declension
- air, breath, breathing
- 1833, Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, page 595:
- Spīritūs sunt duo dasia et psile.
- There are two breathings [in Ancient Greek]: rough and smooth.
- light breeze
- spirit, ghost
- mind
- energy; courage
- pride, haughtiness, arrogance
- Synonyms: superbia, arrogantia
Declension
editFourth-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | spīritus | spīritūs |
Genitive | spīritūs | spīrituum |
Dative | spīrituī | spīritibus |
Accusative | spīritum | spīritūs |
Ablative | spīritū | spīritibus |
Vocative | spīritus | spīritūs |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- → Albanian: shpirt
- → Asturian: espíritu
- → Proto-Brythonic: *ɨspɨrɨd
- → Dutch: spiritus
- → Old French: espirit
- → Friulian: spirt
- → German: Spiritus
- → Old Irish: spirut, spiurt
- → Italian: spirito, spirto
- >? Ladin: spiert, spirt (might be inherited)
- → Old Occitan: esperit
- → Old Galician-Portuguese: espirito
- → Romanian: spirit, spiriduș
- >? Romansch: spiert, spért (might be inherited)
- → Sardinian: ispìritu
- → Sicilian: spìritu, spirdu
- → Old Spanish: espirtu, espirto
- → Venetian: spirito
- → Walloon: spert
References
edit- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “spīritus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 12: Sk–š, page 195
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “spiritus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German)
Further reading
edit- “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- spiritus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- spiritus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1468.
- spiritus in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2764
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
- to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
- to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
- to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
- inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
- to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
- to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
- patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
- to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
- to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)
- to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English indeclinable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- Czech terms derived from Latin
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech nouns with regular foreign declension
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch indeclinable nouns
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Orthography
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian 3-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms suffixed with -tus (action noun)
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin fourth declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook