vakar
Hungarian
editEtymology
editPerhaps from a bound root of unknown origin + -r (obsolete frequentative suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editvakar
- (transitive) to scratch
Conjugation
editClick for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | vakarok | vakarsz | vakar | vakarunk | vakartok | vakarnak | |
Def. | vakarom | vakarod | vakarja | vakarjuk | vakarjátok | vakarják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | vakartam | vakartál | vakart | vakartunk | vakartatok | vakartak | ||
Def. | vakartam | vakartad | vakarta | vakartuk | vakartátok | vakarták | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakartalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. vakarni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | vakarék | vakarál | vakara | vakaránk | vakarátok | vakarának | ||
Def. | vakarám | vakarád | vakará | vakaránk | vakarátok | vakarák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. vakar vala, vakart vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | vakarandok | vakarandasz | vakarand | vakarandunk | vakarandotok | vakarandanak | ||
Def. | vakarandom | vakarandod | vakarandja | vakarandjuk | vakarandjátok | vakarandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vakarnék | vakarnál | vakarna | vakarnánk | vakarnátok | vakarnának | |
Def. | vakarnám | vakarnád | vakarná | vakarnánk (or vakarnók) |
vakarnátok | vakarnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vakart volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vakarjak | vakarj or vakarjál |
vakarjon | vakarjunk | vakarjatok | vakarjanak | |
Def. | vakarjam | vakard or vakarjad |
vakarja | vakarjuk | vakarjátok | vakarják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vakart légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | vakarni | vakarnom | vakarnod | vakarnia | vakarnunk | vakarnotok | vakarniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
vakarás | vakaró | vakart | vakarandó | vakarva (vakarván) | vakartat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | vakarhatok | vakarhatsz | vakarhat | vakarhatunk | vakarhattok | vakarhatnak | |
Def. | vakarhatom | vakarhatod | vakarhatja | vakarhatjuk | vakarhatjátok | vakarhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | vakarhattam | vakarhattál | vakarhatott | vakarhattunk | vakarhattatok | vakarhattak | ||
Def. | vakarhattam | vakarhattad | vakarhatta | vakarhattuk | vakarhattátok | vakarhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | vakarhaték | vakarhatál | vakarhata | vakarhatánk | vakarhatátok | vakarhatának | ||
Def. | vakarhatám | vakarhatád | vakarhatá | vakarhatánk | vakarhatátok | vakarhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. vakarhat vala, vakarhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | vakarhatandok or vakarandhatok |
vakarhatandasz or vakarandhatsz |
vakarhatand or vakarandhat |
vakarhatandunk or vakarandhatunk |
vakarhatandotok or vakarandhattok |
vakarhatandanak or vakarandhatnak | ||
Def. | vakarhatandom or vakarandhatom |
vakarhatandod or vakarandhatod |
vakarhatandja or vakarandhatja |
vakarhatandjuk or vakarandhatjuk |
vakarhatandjátok or vakarandhatjátok |
vakarhatandják or vakarandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarhatandalak or vakarandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | vakarhatnék | vakarhatnál | vakarhatna | vakarhatnánk | vakarhatnátok | vakarhatnának | |
Def. | vakarhatnám | vakarhatnád | vakarhatná | vakarhatnánk (or vakarhatnók) |
vakarhatnátok | vakarhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vakarhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | vakarhassak | vakarhass or vakarhassál |
vakarhasson | vakarhassunk | vakarhassatok | vakarhassanak | |
Def. | vakarhassam | vakarhasd or vakarhassad |
vakarhassa | vakarhassuk | vakarhassátok | vakarhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | vakarhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vakarhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (vakarhatni) | (vakarhatnom) | (vakarhatnod) | (vakarhatnia) | (vakarhatnunk) | (vakarhatnotok) | (vakarhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | vakarható | Neg. adj. | vakarhatatlan | Adv. part. | (vakarhatva / vakarhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
edit(With verbal prefixes):
References
edit- ^ vakar in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
Further reading
edit- vakar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Latgalian
editEtymology
editCognate with Latvian vakar and Lithuanian vakar.
Related to vokors (“night”), with the original meaning being similar to "the previous night".
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editvakar
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 112
Latvian
editEtymology
editProbably the adverbial form of an earlier (unattested) adjective, of which vakars (“night”) is the nominal form. The original meaning was probably “the previous night”, whence later “yesterday”; compare Russian ве́чер (véčer, “evening”), вчера́ (včerá, “yesterday”).[1]
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editvakar
- yesterday (in the day before today)
- vakar bija slikts laiks ― yesterday the weather was bad
- vakar no rīta ― yesterday morning
- vakar vakarā ― yesterday evening
- “jaunkundze vakar vēlu pārnāca mājās?” “jā, aizgājām no kluba pie Ralfa spēlēt pokeru” ― “milady came back late yesterday?” “yes, I went from the club to Ralph's (place) to play poker”
- yesterday (in the, usually recent, past)
- funkcionāri šodien ir vienkāršāki, demokrātiskāki nekā vakar ― (public) officials are simpler, more democratic today than yesterday
Usage notes
editVakars as a noun, means “evening” (locative form vakarā “in the evening”, used also as a temporal adverb) while historically related vakar is an adverb, meaning “yesterday” (its nominal counterpart is vakardiena “(the day of) yesterday”).
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “vakars”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
editEtymology
editFrom vakaras. Compare Russian вечер (večer) and вчера (včera).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editvãkar (not comparable)
Derived terms
edit- (adjective): vakarykštis
- (noun): vakardiena
See also
editDates relative to today in Lithuanian (layout · text) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
–3 | –2 | –1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | |
direct speech | three days ago | two days ago | yesterday | today | tomorrow | in two days | in three days |
užužvakar | užvakar | vakar | šiandien | rytoj | poryt | užporyt | |
reported speech | three days before, three days earlier | two days before, two days earlier | the day before | on that day | the next day | two days later | three days later |
[Term?] | [Term?] | [Term?] | [Term?] | [Term?] | [Term?] | [Term?] |
Further reading
edit- “vakar”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
Swedish
editNoun
editvakar
- indefinite plural of vak
Verb
editvakar
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -r
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒr
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒr/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latgalian lemmas
- Latgalian adverbs
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian adverbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian time adverbs
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian adverbs
- lt:Time
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish noun forms
- Swedish verb forms