Translingual
edit
Alternative forms
edit
There are two Unicode z-variants, at code points U+585A and U+FA10. The latter form (U+FA10) has the next to last stroke of 豖 connected to the top horizontal stroke (similar to 衣 ).
The Japanese form of the character is written with 豕 instead of 豖 as its bottom right component. However both 塚 (Japanese) and 塚 (traditional Chinese) forms are encoded under the same codepoint.
Han character
edit
塚 (Kangxi radical 32, 土 +10 in Chinese , 土+9 in Japanese , 13 strokes in Chinese , 12 strokes in Japanese , cangjie input 土月一人 (GBMO ), four-corner 47132 , composition ⿰土 冢 (G H T K ) or ⿰土 ⿱冖 豕 (J ))
References
edit
Kangxi Dictionary: page 236 , character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5345
Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 476, character 7
Unihan data for U+585A
Usage notes
edit
The Kangxi dictionary lists 塚 as the unorthodox form (俗字 ) of 冢 . The usage of 塚 persists in Japan with one stroke removed. 冢 is the prescribed form in simplified Chinese, but 塚 is also used occasionally. Both 塚 and 冢 are used in traditional Chinese, with the former being more common.
Glyph origin
edit
Old Chinese
冢
*toŋʔ
塚
*toŋʔ
涿
*rtoːɡ
琢
*rtoːɡ
啄
*rtoːɡ, *toːɡ
諑
*rtoːɡ
剢
*toːɡ
瘃
*toɡ
豖
*tʰoɡ
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *toŋʔ ) : semantic 土 ( “ earth ” ) + phonetic 冢 ( OC *toŋʔ) – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth.
Pronunciation
edit
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
塚
Reading #
1/1
No.
1617
Phonetic component
豖
Rime group
東
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
冢
Old Chinese
/*toŋʔ/
Notes
冢 轉 註 俗 字
Definitions
edit
塚
tomb ; burial mound
Synonyms
edit
Dialectal synonyms of
墳 (“grave”)
[map]
Variety
Location
Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
墳墓 , 墳
Mandarin
Beijing
墳
Harbin
墳
Yantai (Muping)
墳
Jinan
墳
Luoyang
墳 , 墳地 , 塋地 , 墳墓
Wanrong
墳 , 墓
Xi'an
墳 , 墓
Yinchuan
墳塋
Ürümqi
墳
Wuhan
墳
Chengdu
墳 , 墳墓
Chongqing
墳 , 墳墓
Guiyang
墳 , 墳墓 large
Guilin
墳
Liuzhou
墳 , 山
Xuzhou
墳墓 , 墳
Yangzhou
墳 , 墳攤 , 墳攤堆子
Nanjing
墳
Hefei
墳堰
Changle (Qinjiang)
墳
Singapore
墓 , 墳墓
Dagudi (Maliba)
墳堆
Reshuitang (Longling)
墳堆
Mae Salong (Lancang)
墳堆
Mae Sai (Tengchong)
墳
Cantonese
Guangzhou
山墳 , 山 , 墳
Hong Kong
山墳 , 墳 , 墓 , 墳墓
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
墳頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
墳頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
墳頭
Macau
墳墓
Taishan (Guanghai)
墳墓
Dongguan
墓
Yangjiang
山 , 墳山
Maoming (Xinpo)
墳山
Nanning
墳山
Wuzhou
墳山
Yulin
墳山
Hepu (Lianzhou)
墳山 , 山
Hepu (Shatian)
山
Beihai
墳 , 山
Beihai (Nankang)
墳
Beihai (Yingpan)
山 , 墳山
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
墳墓 , 墳頭 , 墳山
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
墳墓 , 墳山
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
墳墓
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
山墳 , 義山
Singapore (Guangfu)
墳墓
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
山墳
Móng Cái
墳墓
Mandalay (Taishan)
墳山 , 墳墓
Gan
Nanchang
墳
Lichuan
墳 , 墳塋 large
Jianning
地
Taining
地
Hakka
Meixian
地 , 墓
Xingning
泥壠 first burial , 地 second burial
Huidong (Daling)
地
Dongguan (Qingxi)
墳頭
Wuhua (Huacheng)
地 , 地墳
Heyuan (Bendihua)
地
Wengyuan
地墳
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
地
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
地 second burial
Liannan
墳
Jiexi
地
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
地
Pinghe (Jiufeng)
地
Changting
地
Shanghang
地
Yongding
地
Wuping
地
Wuping (Yanqian)
地 , 死佬
Wuping (Pingyu)
地
Liancheng
地
Ninghua
地
Qingliu
地
Yudu
地
Ruijin
地 , 風水
Shicheng
地
Shangyou (Shexi)
地
Tonggu (Sandu)
墳 , 地
Ganzhou (Panlong)
地
Dayu
地
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
風水
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
風水
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
風水
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
風水
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
風水
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
地 , 風水
Hong Kong
墳頭
Yangxi (Tangkou)
山
Yangchun (Sanjia)
山 , 山頭
Xinyi (Sihe)
山地
Xinyi (Qianpai)
墳山
Gaozhou (Xindong)
墳地
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)
墳山
Huazhou (Xin'an)
墳地
Lianjiang (Shijiao)
墳 , 墳地
Lianjiang (Qingping)
墳 , 地 without a body buried
Mengshan (Xihe)
墳地
Luchuan
山
Senai (Huiyang)
墳 , 風水 , 義山
Senai (Hepo)
墳墓 , 地 dated
Singkawang
地 , 地門堂
Pontianak (Meixian)
地
Jin
Taiyuan
墳 , 墓
Northern Min
Jian'ou
塚
Jian'ou (Dikou)
塚
Songxi
塚
Zhenghe
塚
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
塚
Jianyang
塚
Wuyishan
塚
Pucheng (Shibei)
塚
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
墓
Changle
墓
Lianjiang
墓
Fuqing
墓
Pingtan
墓
Yongtai
墓
Minqing
墓
Gutian
地 , 墓
Pingnan
墓
Luoyuan
墓
Fu'an
墓
Ningde
墓
Xiapu
墓
Zherong
墓
Shouning
墓
Zhouning
墓
Fuding
墓
Southern Min
Xiamen
墓 , 墓仔 , 風水
Xiamen (Tong'an)
墓
Quanzhou
墓 , 風水
Jinjiang
墓
Nan'an
墓
Shishi
墓
Hui'an
墓
Anxi
墓
Yongchun
墓
Dehua
墓
Zhangzhou
墓 , 墓仔 , 風水
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
墓
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
墓
Hua'an
墓
Nanjing
墓
Pinghe
墓仔
Zhangpu
墓
Yunxiao
墓
Zhao'an
墓
Dongshan
墓
Tainan
墓 , 風水
Kinmen
墓
Penang (Hokkien)
墓
Singapore (Hokkien)
墓 , 墓地 , 公司山 dated
Manila (Hokkien)
墓 , 風水
Longyan
墓
Zhangping
墓
Datian
墓
Chaozhou
墳 , 風水
Lufeng
風水
Haifeng
風水
Bangkok (Teochew)
墳 , 義山
Chiang Mai (Teochew)
墳
Hat Yai (Teochew)
墳
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
墳 , 義山
Singapore (Teochew)
墳
Leizhou
墓
Haikou
墓
Puxian Min
Putian
墓
Xianyou
墓
Central Min
Yong'an
墳
Sanyuan
墳
Shaxian
墳
Shaojiang Min
Shaowu
墓
Guangze
墓
Jiangle
地
Mingxi
地
Shunchang
塚 , 墳
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
墳墓 , 山
Shehua
Fu'an
墓
Fuding
墓
Luoyuan
墳
Sanming
墳
Shunchang
墳
Hua'an
墳
Guixi (Zhangping)
墳
Cangnan
墳
Jingning
墳
Lishui
墳
Longyou
墳
Chaozhou
墳
Fengshun
墳
Wu
Shanghai
墳 , 墳墓 , 墓
Shanghai (Chongming)
墳
Suzhou
墳
Danyang
墳墓
Hangzhou
墳
Ningbo
墳 , 墓
Wenzhou
墳
Yiwu
墳頭
Pucheng
墳
Xiang
Changsha
墳
Loudi
墳 , 墓
Shuangfeng
墳 , 墓
Jiangyong
祖
Compounds
edit
Japanese
edit
Shinjitai
塚
Kyūjitai [1]
塚 塚
or塚 +︀
?
塚󠄁 塚 +󠄁
? (Adobe-Japan1 )
塚󠄅 塚 +󠄅
? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.
Alternative forms
edit
塚
(common “Jōyō” kanji , shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 塚 )
mound , hillock , tumulus ( implies a manmade origin )
Readings
edit
Etymology
edit
Alternative spelling
塚 ( kyūjitai )
Cognate with Old Japanese verb 築く ( tsuku , “ to build up using earth and/or stone ” ) .[2]
The /a/ ending may indicate that tsuka developed as the nominalization of the 未然形 ( mizenkei , “ irrealis form” ) of the verb, suggesting an original meaning of "that which is being built up into an earthworks (but isn't finished yet)". The irrealis is also the root form for constructing the passive form of all Japanese verbs, so the original meaning might instead have been just the passive sense of "that which is built up into an earthworks".
Pronunciation
edit
塚( つか ) • (tsuka )
a mound or hillock , generally manmade
a grave , a tumulus or burial mound
Synonyms
edit
Derived terms
edit
References
edit
^ “塚 ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia ) [1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会 , 2015–2024
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988 ) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition) ] (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ), 大辞林 [Daijirin ] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō : Sanseidō , →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary ] (in Japanese), Tōkyō : NHK Publishing , →ISBN
塚 • (chong ) (hangeul 총 , revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)
cemetery
tomb , burial mound
Vietnamese
edit
Han character
edit
塚 : Hán Nôm readings: trủng
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.