grave
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English grave, grafe, from Old English græf, grafu (“cave, grave, trench”), from Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
Cognate with West Frisian grêf (“grave”), Dutch graf (“grave”), Low German Graf (“a grave”), Graff, German Grab (“grave”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grav (“grave”), Icelandic gröf (“grave”). Related to groove.
Noun edit
grave (plural graves)
- An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.
- Synonym: plot
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 11:17:
- He had lain in the grave four days.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 31:17:
- Let mee not be ashamed, O Lord, for I haue called vpon thee: let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the graue.
- 1856, Gustave Flaubert, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Madame Bovary, Part III, Chapter X:
- They reached the cemetery. The men went right down to a place in the grass where a grave was dug. They ranged themselves all round; and while the priest spoke, the red soil thrown up at the sides kept noiselessly slipping down at the corners.
- Any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher.
- (by extension) Death, destruction.
- a. 1769, unknown, The Cuckoo[1], lines 9–12:
- […] Meeting is pleasure, parting is a grief; / An inconstant lover is worse than a thief; / A thief can but rob you, and take all you have, / An inconstant lover will bring you to the grave! […]
- 1973, “Breathe”, in Roger Waters (lyrics), David Gilmour and Richard Wright (music), The Dark Side of the Moon, performed by Pink Floyd:
- […] balanced on the biggest wave you race towards an early grave.
- (by extension) Deceased people; the dead.
- 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
- "Hold your jaw, woman! I've had enough to vex me to-day without you startin' your tantrums. You're jealous of the grave. That's wot's the matter with you." "And her brats can insult me as they like - me that 'as cared for you these five years."
Derived terms edit
- begrave
- beyond the grave
- cradle-to-grave
- dance on someone's grave
- dig one's grave with a fork
- dig one's grave with a fork and spoon
- dig one's own grave
- from cradle to grave
- from the cradle to the grave
- graveclothes
- grave dancer
- grave dancing
- grave-dancy
- gravedigger
- grave digger
- grave-good
- grave good
- grave-goods
- grave goods
- gravelike
- grave marker
- grave-rob
- grave robber
- grave-robbing
- graverobbing
- graveside
- gravesite
- gravestone
- graveward
- grave wax
- graveyard
- have one foot in the grave
- mass grave
- passage grave
- quiet as a grave
- roll in one's grave
- roll over in one's grave
- silent as a grave
- silent as the grave
- spin in one's grave
- take someone to the grave
- take something to one's grave
- take something to the grave
- take to the grave
- turn in one's grave
- turn over in one's grave
- war grave
- watery grave
- white man's grave
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
- grave (burial) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English graven, from Old English grafan (“to dig, dig up, grave, engrave, carve, chisel”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Dutch graven (“to dig”), German graben (“to dig”), Danish grave (“to dig”), Swedish gräva (“to dig”), Icelandic grafa (“to dig”).
Verb edit
grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past graved, past participle graved or graven)
- (transitive, obsolete) To dig.
- 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, vij:[16]:
- He hath graven and digged up a pit.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 28:9:
- Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.
- a. 1894, Robert Louis Stevenson, "Requiem"
- This be the verse you grave for me / "Here he lies where he longs to be"
- 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
- 'It may be so,' I answered; 'but if the loved one prove a broken reed to pierce us, or if the love be loved in vain - what then? Shall a man grave his sorrows upon a stone when he hath but need to write them on the water?'
- (transitive, obsolete) To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.
- to grave an image
- c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye [...] [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book IV, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:
- With gold, men may the herte grave.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (intransitive, obsolete) To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
- 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC, (please specify the page):
- O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
- (transitive, obsolete) To entomb; to bury.
- 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
- […] And lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 3 edit
From Middle French grave, a learned borrowing from Latin gravis (“heavy, important”). Compare Old French greve (“terrible, dreadful”). Doublet of grief.
Adjective edit
grave (comparative graver, superlative gravest)
- Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness; not cheerful. [from 16th c.]
- c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- [Mercuti] Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man.
- Low in pitch, tone etc. [from 17th c.]
- Antonym: acute
- 1854, John Weeks Moore, Encyclopedia of Music:
- The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
- Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable. [from 19th c.]
- 2016 February 6, James Zogby, “Israel’s prickliness blocks the long quest for peace”, in The National[3]:
- Israel’s behaviour is doing grave damage to the Palestinian people and to any hope for peace.
- 2017, Vladimir Shlapentokh, A Normal Totalitarian Society, page 80:
- Khrushchev made a grave miscalculation when he failed to appreciate the growing opposition to his power and overestimated the support of his bureaucracy.
- (phonology, dated, of a sound) Dull, produced in the middle or back of the mouth. (See Grave and acute on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
- Coordinate term: acute
- (obsolete) Influential, important; authoritative. [16th–18th c.]
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 7:
- An illiterate fool sits in a mans seat; and the common people hold him learned, grave, and wise.
Synonyms edit
- (unsorted by sense): sage, demure, thoughtful, weighty
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Noun edit
grave (plural graves)
- A grave accent.
Translations edit
Etymology 4 edit
Inherited from Middle English greyve. Doublet of graaf (borrowed from the Dutch cognate graaf (“count, earl”)) and graf (borrowed from the German cognate Graf (“count, earl”)).
Noun edit
grave (plural graves)
- (historical) A count, prefect, or person holding office.
Related terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Verb edit
grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past and past participle graved)
- (transitive, obsolete, nautical) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch — so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
Danish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Italian grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave”).
Adverb edit
grave
- (music) grave (low in pitch, tone etc.)
- accent grave – accent grave, grave accent
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse grafa (“to dig, bury”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
Verb edit
grave (imperative grav, infinitive at grave, present tense graver, past tense gravede, perfect tense har gravet)
- dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
See grav (“grave, tomb, pit”).
Noun edit
grave c
- indefinite plural of grav
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
grave
Anagrams edit
Esperanto edit
Adverb edit
grave
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.
Adjective edit
grave (plural graves)
- serious
- solemn
- low-pitched
- Antonym: aigu
- (phonetics) back
- 1911 April, “Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques”, in Dictionnaire turc-français:
- Quatre de ces voyelles sont graves: a, o, u, œu.
- Four of these are vowels are back [vowels], a, o, u, [and] œu
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Norwegian Bokmål: grave
Adverb edit
grave
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
grave
- inflection of graver:
Further reading edit
- “grave”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of greve.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
grave (plural gravi, superlative gravissimo)
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Danish: grave
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Adjective edit
grave
References edit
- "grave", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- grave in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- "grave", in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia[4]
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the dative of Old English græf, from Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
grave (plural graves)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “grāve, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-09.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
grave (plural graves)
- Alternative form of gravey
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
grave
- (Late Middle English) Alternative form of greyve
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
grave
- (Early Middle English) Alternative form of grove
Etymology 5 edit
Verb edit
grave
- Alternative form of graven
Middle French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old French grave.
Noun edit
grave f (plural graves)
Descendants edit
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (grave)
Middle High German edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German grāfo, grāvo, grāfio, grāvio (“count, local judge”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
grâve m
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- German: Graf
References edit
- “grâve” Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Wilhelm Müller, and Friedrich Zarncke. Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke. Vol. 1. S. Hirzel, 1863.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse grafa, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
Verb edit
grave (imperative grav, present tense graver, passive graves, simple past gravde or grov, past participle gravd, present participle gravende)
Etymology 2 edit
From French grave (“serious, low-pitched; back”), from Middle French grave, from Old French grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”), from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *-us (forms adjectives).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
grave m (definite singular graven, indefinite plural graver, definite plural gravene)
- Only used in accent grave (“grave accent”)
References edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Verb edit
grave (present tense grev, past tense grov, past participle grave, passive infinitive gravast, present participle gravande, imperative grav)
- Alternative form of grava
Derived terms edit
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Medieval Latin grava, from Gaulish *grawa, *growa, from Proto-Celtic *grāwā, related to Cornish grow (“gravel”), Breton grouan, and Welsh gro (“gravel”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr-eu-d-.
Noun edit
grave oblique singular, f (oblique plural graves, nominative singular grave, nominative plural graves)
Descendants edit
References edit
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (grave)
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy; grave”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.
Adjective edit
grave m or f (plural graves, comparable, comparative mais grave, superlative o mais grave or gravíssimo)
- serious; grave (having possible severe negative consequences)
- (of sound) low-pitched; grave (low in pitch or tone)
- grave; serious; sombre; austere; solemn (characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness)
- Synonyms: sério, austero, circunspecto, sisudo, solene
- O programa tinha um tom grave.
- The program had a serious tone.
- (physics) that falls down; that doesn’t float
- O balão não é um corpo grave.
- Balloons are not a falling body.
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
grave m (plural graves)
- (music) a low-pitched note
- (physics) a body that falls down
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
grave
- inflection of gravar:
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Unadapted borrowing from Italian grave.
Adjective edit
grave
- inflection of grav:
Adverb edit
grave
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Spanish grave, from Latin gravis. Cf. also the attested Old Spanish form grieve, from a Vulgar Latin variant *grevis, which was more common in other Romance-speaking areas.[1]
Adjective edit
grave m or f (masculine and feminine plural graves, superlative gravísimo)
- serious, grave
- Synonym: serio
- bass (sound)
- solemn
- Synonym: solemne
- (phonetics) paroxytone; stressed in the penultimate syllable
- Synonym: llano
- Coordinate terms: agudo, esdrújulo, sobresdrújulo
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Tagalog: grabe
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
grave
- inflection of gravar:
Further reading edit
- “grave”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
References edit
- ^ Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Anagrams edit
Swedish edit
Adjective edit
grave
Anagrams edit
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian grava, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
grave
- to dig
Inflection edit
Strong class 6 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | grave | |||
3rd singular past | groef | |||
past participle | groeven | |||
infinitive | grave | |||
long infinitive | graven | |||
gerund | graven n | |||
auxiliary | hawwe | |||
indicative | present tense | past tense | ||
1st singular | graaf | groef | ||
2nd singular | graafst | groefst | ||
3rd singular | graaft | groef | ||
plural | grave | groeven | ||
imperative | graaf | |||
participles | gravend | groeven |
Further reading edit
- “grave”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011