Wiktionary

肚

肚 U+809A, 肚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-809A
← 肙
[U+8099] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肛 →
[U+809B]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

肚 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月土 (BG), four-corner 74210, composition ⿰月土(GJK) or ⿰⺼土(HT))

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29270
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2044, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+809A

Chinese edit

trad. 肚
simp. # 肚

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社 *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜 *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Etymology edit

A post-classical word. Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-tjwa (“mouth; beak; food; stomach”), whence Tibetan ལྟོ་བ (lto ba, “stomach; belly”) (STEDT). Compare also Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”) (whence Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng)) and Proto-Kam-Sui *luŋ² (“stomach”), as Middle Chinese shangsheng corresponds to foreign -ŋ in some words (Schuessler, 2007).

Some dialects have different pronunciations for the two senses, "abdomen; belly (of a human)" and "stomach (of an animal)", derived from two different readings in Middle Chinese that differed in the voicing of the initial consonant.

  • In Mandarin, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 徒古切 reading in Middle Chinese (i.e. the reading with voiced initial /d/) and the pronunciation for the latter sense derives from the 當古切 (i.e. the reading with voiceless initial /t/) reading.
  • In Min Nan, the pronunciation for the former sense derives from the 當古切 reading and the pronunciation for latter sense derives from the 徒古切 reading.
  • Cantonese uses the same pronunciation for both senses, derived from the 徒古切 reading.
  • Hakka also uses the same pronunciation for both senses, but it is instead derived from the 當古切 reading.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note: 5tu (Shanghainese), 3tou (Suzhounese) - only in reference to edible animal stomachs.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 肚 (大肚子)
Mandarin Beijing /tu⁵¹/
Harbin /tu⁵³/
Tianjin /tu⁵³/
Jinan /tu²¹/
Qingdao /tu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tu³¹²/
Xi'an /tu⁴⁴/
Xining /tv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /tu¹³/
Lanzhou /tu¹³/
Ürümqi /tu²¹³/
Wuhan /təu⁴²/
Chengdu /tu¹³/
Guiyang /tu²¹³/
Kunming /tu²¹²/
Nanjing /tu⁴⁴/
Hefei /tu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tu³⁵/
Hohhot /tu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /du²³/
Suzhou /dəu³¹/
Hangzhou /du¹³/
Wenzhou /døy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tu³⁵/
Tunxi /təu²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁴¹/ 大～子
/təu¹¹/ ～臍眼
Xiangtan /dəɯ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰu²¹/ ～皮
Hakka Meixian /tu³¹/
Taoyuan /tu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰou²³/
Nanning /tʰu²⁴/
Hong Kong /tʰou¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔ⁵³/ 腹～
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pu²⁴/ 訓讀腹
Shantou (Teochew) /tou⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 肚
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒古切
Baxter duX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/doX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɔX/
Li
Rong 		/doX/
Wang
Li 		/duX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肚
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ duX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-tˁaʔ/
English belly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肚
Reading # 2/2
No. 12504
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		杜
Old
Chinese 		/*l'aːʔ/
Notes 見列女傳

Definitions edit

肚

  1. belly; abdomen; bowels
    肚子  ―  dùzǐ  ―  abdomen; belly
  2. bulge; protrusion
  3. (Southern Min, Eastern Min) tripe; animal stomach (as food)
  4. heart; mind
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 肚子 (“belly”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 腹
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 腹, 腹部, 肚子
Mandarin Beijing 肚子
Taiwan 肚子
Langfang 肚子
Tangshan 肚子
Cangzhou 肚子
Baoding 肚子
Shijiazhuang 肚子
Daming 肚子
Ulanhot 肚子
Tongliao 肚子
Chifeng 肚子
Bayanhot 肚子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 肚子
Harbin 肚子
Yantai (Muping) 肚子
Jinan 肚子
Luoyang 肚子
Wanrong 肚子
Zhengzhou 肚
Xi'an 肚子
Yinchuan 肚子
Lanzhou 肚子
Xining 肚子
Ürümqi 肚子
Wuhan 肚子
Huanggang 肚子
Chengdu 肚皮, 肚子
Guiyang 肚皮
Guilin 肚子
Liuzhou 肚子
Xuzhou 肚子
Yangzhou 肚子
Nanjing 肚子
Hefei 肚子
Nantong 肚子
Malaysia 肚子
Singapore 肚子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 肚子
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 肚子
Cantonese Guangzhou 肚
Hong Kong 肚
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 肚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 肚
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 肚胈
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 肚胈
Macau 肚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 肚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 肚
Guangzhou (Conghua) 肚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 肚
Foshan 肚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 肚
Foshan (Shunde) 肚
Foshan (Sanshui) 肚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 肚
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 肚
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 肚
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 肚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 屎肚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 肚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 肚
Taishan 肚
Kaiping (Chikan) 肚
Enping (Niujiang) 肚
Heshan (Yayao) 肚
Dongguan 屎肚
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 肚
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 肚胈
Qingyuan 肚
Fogang 肚
Yingde (Hanguang) 肚胈
Yangshan 肚
Lianshan (Butian) 肚
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 肚
Shaoguan 肚
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肚
Renhua 肚
Lechang 肚
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 肚
Sihui 肚
Guangning 肚
Deqing 肚
Huaiji 肚
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 肚
Yunfu 肚
Xinxing 肚
Luoding 肚
Yunan (Pingtai) 肚
Yangjiang 肚
Xinyi 肚
Lianjiang 肚
Nanning 肚
Wuzhou 肚
Yulin 屎肚
Hepu (Lianzhou) 肚煲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 肚
Singapore (Guangfu) 肚
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 肚
Mandalay (Taishan) 肚
Gan Nanchang 肚子
Lichuan 肚仔, 肚
Pingxiang 肚子
Jianning 肚
Taining 腹屎
Hakka Meixian 肚屎, 肚
Xingning 肚胈
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 肚胈, 肚屎
Huidong (Daling) 肚胈
Dongguan (Qingxi) 肚胈
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 肚胈
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 肚胈
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 肚胈
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 肚屎, 肚胈
Wuhua (Huacheng) 肚胈, 肚屎
Wuhua (Changbu) 肚胈
Wuhua (Mianyang) 肚屎
Heyuan (Bendihua) 肚胈
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肚屎
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 屎肚
Liannan 肚
Conghua (Lütian) 肚胈
Jiexi 肚屎
Luhe 肚屎
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 食肚
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 腹肚
Changting 腹屎
Shanghang 肚屎
Yongding 肚
Wuping 肚屎
Wuping (Yanqian) 肚屎
Wuping (Pingyu) 肚屎
Liancheng 腹屎
Ninghua 腹屎
Qingliu 腹屎
Yudu 屎肚
Ningdu 肚籮
Ruijin 肚籮, 肚屎
Shicheng 肚籮, 肚
Shangyou (Shexi) 肚
Tonggu (Sandu) 肚
Ganzhou (Panlong) 肚
Dayu 肚哩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 肚屎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 肚屎
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 肚屎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 肚屎
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 屎肚, 肚屎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 屎肚
Hong Kong 肚胈
Yangxi (Tangkou) 肚
Yangchun (Sanjia) 肚
Xinyi (Sihe) 肚
Xinyi (Qianpai) 肚
Gaozhou (Xindong) 肚
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 肚
Huazhou (Xin'an) 肚
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 肚
Lianjiang (Qingping) 肚屎
Mengshan (Xihe) 肚胈
Luchuan 肚
Luchuan (Daqiao) 肚皮, 肚
Sabah (Longchuan) 肚胈
Senai (Huiyang) 肚胈
Singkawang 肚屎
Singapore (Meixian) 肚屎
Singapore (Dabu) 肚屎
Huizhou Jixi 肚
Tunxi 肚
Jin Taiyuan 肚子
Xinzhou 肚子
Taibus (Baochang) 肚
Linhe 肚子
Jining 肚
Hohhot 肚
Baotou 肚
Dongsheng 肚子
Haibowan 肚子
Zhangjiakou 肚子
Handan 肚
Northern Min Jian'ou 腹
Jian'ou (Dikou) 腹肚
Songxi 腹肚
Zhenghe 腹
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 腹鹵
Jianyang 腹
Wuyishan 腹
Pucheng (Shibei) 腹屎, 腹仔, 腹肚
Eastern Min Fuzhou 腹肚
Changle 腹肚
Lianjiang 腹肚
Fuqing 腹肚
Pingtan 腹肚
Yongtai 腹肚
Minqing 腹肚
Gutian 腹肚
Pingnan 腹肚
Luoyuan 腹肚
Fu'an 腹肚
Ningde 腹肚
Xiapu 腹肚
Zherong 腹肚
Shouning 腹肚
Zhouning 腹肚
Fuding 腹肚
Matsu 腹肚
Southern Min Xiamen 腹肚
Xiamen (Tong'an) 腹肚
Quanzhou 腹肚
Jinjiang 腹肚
Nan'an 腹肚
Shishi 腹肚
Hui'an 腹肚
Anxi 腹肚, 食肚
Yongchun 腹肚
Dehua 腹肚
Zhangzhou 腹肚
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 腹肚
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 腹肚
Hua'an 腹肚
Nanjing 腹肚
Pinghe 腹肚
Zhangpu 腹肚
Yunxiao 腹肚
Zhao'an 腹肚
Dongshan 腹肚
Taipei 腹肚
New Taipei (Sanxia) 腹肚
Kaohsiung 腹肚
Yilan 腹肚
Changhua (Lukang) 腹肚
Taichung 腹肚
Taichung (Wuqi) 腹肚
Tainan 腹肚
Taitung 腹肚
Hsinchu 腹肚
Kinmen 腹肚
Penghu (Magong) 腹肚
Penang (Hokkien) 腹肚
Singapore (Hokkien) 腹肚
Manila (Hokkien) 腹肚
Longyan 屎肚
Zhangping 腹肚
Datian 腹肚
Pingnan (Shangdu) 肚, 屎肚
Chaozhou 肚
Shantou 屎肚, 肚
Shantou (Chaoyang) 肚
Jieyang 屎肚, 肚
Haifeng 肚
Bangkok (Teochew) 肚
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 肚
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 肚
Singapore (Teochew) 肚
Leizhou 肚
Wenchang 肚屎
Haikou 肚, 肚屎
Singapore (Hainanese) 肚
Puxian Min Putian 腹肚
Xianyou 腹肚
Central Min Yong'an 腹屎
Sanyuan 腹屎
Shaxian 腹屎
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 腹屎
Guangze 腹
Jiangle 腹屎
Mingxi 腹屎
Shunchang 腹屎
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 肚腩, 肚
Sanxiang 肚腩
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 肚
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 肚子
Shehua Fu'an 肚屎
Fuding 肚屎
Luoyuan 肚屎
Guixi (Zhangping) 肚
Cangnan 肚屎
Jingning 肚屎
Lishui 肚屎
Longyou 肚屎
Chaozhou 肚
Fengshun 肚屎
Wu Shanghai 肚皮
Shanghai (Chongming) 肚皮
Suzhou 肚皮
Wuxi 肚皮
Danyang 肚皮
Hangzhou 肚皮
Ningbo 肚皮
Wenzhou 肚
Jinhua 肚皮, 肚
Pucheng 腹肚
Xiang Changsha 肚子
Loudi 肚子
Shuangfeng 肚子

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 肚 (炒魚肚)
Mandarin Beijing /tu²¹⁴/
Harbin /tu²¹³/
Tianjin /tu¹³/
Jinan /tu⁵⁵/
Qingdao /tu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tu⁵³/
Xi'an /tu⁵³/
Xining /tv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /tu⁵³/
Lanzhou /tu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /tu⁵¹/
Wuhan /təu⁴²/
Chengdu /tu⁵³/
Guiyang /tu⁴²/
Kunming /tu⁵³/
Nanjing /tu²¹²/
Hefei /tu²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /tu⁵³/
Pingyao /tu⁵³/
Hohhot /tu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /tu³⁵/
Suzhou /təu⁵¹/
Hangzhou /tu⁵³/
Wenzhou /tøy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /tu³⁵/
Tunxi /təu³¹/
Xiang Changsha /təu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /təɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tu³¹/
Taoyuan /tu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰou²³/
Nanning /tʰu²⁴/
Hong Kong /tʰou¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔ²²/ 魚～
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tou³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 肚
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 當古切
Baxter tuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tuoX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/toX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɔX/
Li
Rong 		/toX/
Wang
Li 		/tuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肚
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁaʔ/
English belly, stomach

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肚
Reading # 1/2
No. 12498
Phonetic
component 		土
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		覩
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔl'aːʔ/

Definitions edit

肚

  1. (obsolete or Southern Min) belly; abdomen
    腹肚 [Hokkien]  ―  pak-tó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  abdomen; belly
  2. tripe; animal stomach (as food)
    牛肚  ―  niúdǔ  ―  tripe (cow stomach)
  3. (Southern Min) bulge; protrusion
    跤後肚／跤后肚 [Hokkien]  ―  kha-āu-tó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  calf of the leg

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

肚

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
肚
と
Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 肚 (MC duX|tuX).

Affix edit

肚(と) • (to) 

  1. abdomen, belly
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
肚
はら
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 肚 – see the following entry: 腹

(The following entry is uncreated: 腹.)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

肚 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

肚: Hán Nôm readings: đỗ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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