Wiktionary

druid

See also: Druid

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally either “oak-knower” or “firm knower, great sage”), from either Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) or *drew- (“solid, firm, hard”) and *weyd- (“to see, to have knowledge”).

The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːɪd

Noun

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druid (plural druids)

  1. (historical) One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
  2. (fantasy, roleplaying games) A priest or mage who uses magic based on nature or trees.

Usage notes

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  • Often capitalized: Druid.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Irish

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FWOTD – 24 July 2019

Etymology 1

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From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna or druideacha)

  1. starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Declension
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Declension of druid

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative druid druideanna
Vocative a dhruid a dhruideanna
Genitive druide druideanna
Dative druid druideanna

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an druid na druideanna
Genitive na druide na ndruideanna
Dative leis an druid

don druid

leis na druideanna
Alternative forms
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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Irish druitid (“to close, press (against), approach, move away from”), denominative from Middle Irish drut (“closing, pressing, approaching, leaving”). Possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).[2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. (Ulster) close, shut
    Synonym: dún
  2. move relative to something [with le ‘close to, near’; or with ar ‘upon’; or with ó ‘away from’]
Conjugation
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conjugation of druid (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present druidim druideann tú;
druidir† 		druideann sé, sí druidimid druideann sibh druideann siad;
druidid† 		a dhruideann; a dhruideas /
a ndruideann*; a ndruideas* 		druidtear
past dhruid mé; dhruideas dhruid tú; dhruidis dhruid sé, sí dhruideamar; dhruid muid dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair dhruid siad; dhruideadar a dhruid /
ar dhruid* 		druideadh
past habitual dhruidinn / ndruidinn‡‡ dhruidteá / ndruidteᇇ dhruideadh sé, sí / ndruideadh sé, s퇇 dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid / ndruidimis‡‡; ndruideadh muid‡‡ dhruideadh sibh / ndruideadh sibh‡‡ dhruididís; dhruideadh siad / ndruididís‡‡; ndruideadh siad‡‡ a dhruideadh /
a ndruideadh* 		dhruidtí / ndruidt퇇
future druidfidh mé;
druidfead 		druidfidh tú;
druidfir† 		druidfidh sé, sí druidfimid;
druidfidh muid 		druidfidh sibh druidfidh siad;
druidfid† 		a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas /
a ndruidfidh*; a ndruidfeas* 		druidfear
conditional dhruidfinn / ndruidfinn‡‡ dhruidfeá / ndruidfeᇇ dhruidfeadh sé, sí / ndruidfeadh sé, s퇇 dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid / ndruidfimis‡‡; ndruidfeadh muid‡‡ dhruidfeadh sibh / ndruidfeadh sibh‡‡ dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad / ndruidfidís‡‡; ndruidfeadh siad‡‡ a dhruidfeadh /
a ndruidfeadh* 		dhruidfí / ndruidf퇇
subjunctive present go ndruide mé;
go ndruidead† 		go ndruide tú;
go ndruidir† 		go ndruide sé, sí go ndruidimid;
go ndruide muid 		go ndruide sibh go ndruide siad;
go ndruidid† 		— go ndruidtear
past dá ndruidinn dá ndruidteá dá ndruideadh sé, sí dá ndruidimis;
dá ndruideadh muid 		dá ndruideadh sibh dá ndruididís;
dá ndruideadh siad 		— dá ndruidtí
imperative druidim druid druideadh sé, sí druidimis druidigí;
druididh† 		druididís — druidtear
verbal noun druidim
past participle druidte

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Alternative forms
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Further reading

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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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druid m

  1. genitive singular of drud

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
druid dhruid ndruid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 70
  2. ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1996) “druitid”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page D-205

Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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druïd

  1. inflection of druí:
    1. accusative/dative singular
    2. nominative/vocative/accusative dual
    3. nominative plural

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
druïd druïd
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ 		ndruïd
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdru.it/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -uit
  • Syllabification: dru‧id

Noun

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druid m pers (female equivalent druidka)

  1. druid

Declension

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Declension of druid
singular plural
nominative druid druidzi/druidy (deprecative)
genitive druida druidów
dative druidowi druidom
accusative druida druidów
instrumental druidem druidami
locative druidzie druidach
vocative druidzie druidzi

Further reading

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  • druid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • druid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French druide, from Latin Druidae.

Noun

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druid m (plural druizi)

  1. druid

Declension

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Declension of druid
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) druid druidul (niște) druizi druizii
genitive/dative (unui) druid druidului (unor) druizi druizilor
vocative druidule druizilor

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdos (“thrush”).

Noun

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druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)

  1. starling

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb

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druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)

  1. shut closely
  2. (Barra) shut, close (in general)
    Synonym: dùin
  3. cover
  4. enclose, surround
  5. advance, come up
  6. join
  7. hasten
  8. step toward
  9. approach, draw near
Alternative forms
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Mutation

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Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
druid dhruid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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Swedish

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Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sv
 
två druider

Noun

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druid c

  1. a druid

Declension

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Declension of druid 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative druid druiden druider druiderna
Genitive druids druidens druiders druidernas

References

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