druid
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally either “oak-knower” or “firm knower, great sage”), from either Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) or *drew- (“solid, firm, hard”) and *weyd- (“to see, to have knowledge”).
The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
druid (plural druids)
- One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
Usage notes edit
- Often capitalized: Druid.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna or druideacha)
Declension edit
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Alternative forms edit
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (transitive, intransitive)
- (Ulster) close, shut
- Synonym: dún
- move relative to something [+ le (object) = close to, near], [+ ar (object) = upon], [+ ó (object) = away from]
Conjugation edit
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Alternative forms edit
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “druidim” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
druid m
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
druid | dhruid | ndruid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 70
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
druïd
- inflection of druí:
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
druïd | druïd pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndruïd |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Polish edit
Etymology edit
From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
druid m pers (female equivalent druidka)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French druide, from Latin Druidae.
Noun edit
druid m (plural druizi)
Declension edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdos (“thrush”).
Noun edit
druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Verb edit
druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)
Alternative forms edit
Mutation edit
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
druid | dhruid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “druid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Swedish edit
Noun edit
druid c
- a druid
Declension edit
Declension of druid | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | druid | druiden | druider | druiderna |
Genitive | druids | druidens | druiders | druidernas |