werken
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch werken, from Old Dutch wirken, from Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to work, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work, act”).
Verb edit
werken
- (intransitive) to work, labour
- Hij werkt elke dag op het bouwterrein.
- He works at the construction site every day.
- Na een paar uur werken was het project voltooid.
- After a few hours of working, the project was completed.
- (intransitive) to function, work, be in working order
- De machine is oud, maar hij werkt nog steeds prima.
- The machine is old, but it still functions perfectly.
- (intransitive) to warp, settle
- De planken begonnen te werken door het vocht.
- The planks started to warp due to the moisture.
- (transitive, amateur radio) to contact
- Ik heb gisteravond een paar andere radioamateurs gewerkt in een DX-wedstrijd.
- Last night, I made contact with a few other radio amateurs in a DX contest.
Inflection edit
Much like wrought (past form of work) in English, all verb forms based on -wrocht- are considered to be archaic or obsolete.
| Conjugation of werken (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | werken | |||
| past singular | werkte | |||
| past participle | gewerkt | |||
| infinitive | werken | |||
| gerund | werken n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | werk | werkte | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | werkt | werkte | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | werkt | werkte | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | werkt | werkte | ||
| 3rd person singular | werkt | werkte | ||
| plural | werken | werkten | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | werke | werkte | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | werken | werkten | ||
| imperative sing. | werk | |||
| imperative plur.1 | werkt | |||
| participles | werkend | gewerkt | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
| Conjugation of werken (weak with past in -cht) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | werken | |||
| past singular | wrocht | |||
| past participle | gewrocht | |||
| infinitive | werken | |||
| gerund | werken n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | werk | wrocht | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | werkt | wrocht | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | werkt | wrocht | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | werkt | wrocht | ||
| 3rd person singular | werkt | wrocht | ||
| plural | werken | wrochten | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | werke | wrochte | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | werken | wrochten | ||
| imperative sing. | werk | |||
| imperative plur.1 | werkt | |||
| participles | werkend | gewrocht | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Synonyms edit
(labour):
(function):
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
werken
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German wërken, from Old High German werkōn, werhōn, from Proto-Germanic *werkōną. Cognate with Old Saxon werkōn, Old Dutch wirkon.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
werken (weak, third-person singular present werkt, past tense werkte, past participle gewerkt, auxiliary haben)
- to do handicraft, especially woodwork
- Synonym: (more common) werkeln
- (dated, literary or informal) to work manually
Conjugation edit
| infinitive | werken | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | werkend | ||||
| past participle | gewerkt | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich werke | wir werken | i | ich werke | wir werken |
| du werkst | ihr werkt | du werkest | ihr werket | ||
| er werkt | sie werken | er werke | sie werken | ||
| preterite | ich werkte | wir werkten | ii | ich werkte1 | wir werkten1 |
| du werktest | ihr werktet | du werktest1 | ihr werktet1 | ||
| er werkte | sie werkten | er werkte1 | sie werkten1 | ||
| imperative | werk (du) werke (du) |
werkt (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Mapudungun edit
Noun edit
werken (Raguileo spelling)
References edit
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch wirken, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.
Verb edit
werken
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “werken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “werken (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English wyrċan, from Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
werken
- to work
Conjugation edit
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants edit
References edit
- “werken, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.