yn
Cornish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
yn
Inflection edit
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
First person | ynnov, ennam | ynnon, enna nei |
Second person | ynnos, ennas | ynnowgh, enna hwei |
Third person | ynno, enno, etto (m) ; ynni, enni (f) | ynna, et anjei, ettans |
Manx edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish in (compare Scottish Gaelic and Irish an).
Article edit
yn
Related terms edit
References edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 in”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old English inn.
Noun edit
yn
- Alternative form of in (“inn”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old English in.
Preposition edit
yn
- Alternative form of in (“in”)
Etymology 3 edit
From Old English inne.
Adverb edit
yn
- Alternative form of in (“in”)
Middle Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle edit
yn
- grammatical particle used in conjunction with bot (“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal complements
- grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.
Preposition edit
yn
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms edit
Determiner edit
yn
Descendants edit
- Welsh: ein
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *ūniju, *unnjā (“onion”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ȳn f
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Specialized use of yn (“in”). The lack of nasal mutation probably stems from a lost article or possessive pronoun qualifying the verbal noun.
Alternative forms edit
- ’n (used after a vowel)
Particle edit
yn
- grammatical particle used in conjunction with bod (“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal predicate complements
- Mae Tom yn darllen.
- Tom is reading.
- Mae Tom yn gysglyd.
- Tom is sleepy.
- Mae Tom yn fachgen.
- Tom is a boy.
- grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb
- yn dda ― well
- yn fawr ― greatly
- yn wir ― truly
Usage notes edit
- This particle triggers soft mutation, except for on words beginning with ⟨rh⟩ and ⟨ll⟩, of anything substantival, namely nouns, adjectives, numerals and verbal nouns used substantivally.
- It triggers no mutation on anything verbal, which in practice means verbal nouns used verbally.
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Welsh yn, from Old Welsh in, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.
Alternative forms edit
Preposition edit
yn
- in, at (definite nouns)
- Mae hi'n byw yng Nghaerdydd.
- She lives in Cardiff.
- Ydyn ni'n astudio yn y Brifysgol ym Mangor.
- We're studying at the University in Bangor.
- Roedd hi'n bwrw eira ym mis Mawrth.
- It was snowing in March.
- Mae'r llyfr yn (y) Gymraeg.
- The book is in Welsh.
Usage notes edit
- This particle triggers nasal mutation. Before ⟨p⟩, ⟨b⟩ and sometimes ⟨m⟩, it becomes ym and before ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩, it becomes yng. In certain informal contexts or dialects, it may trigger soft or no mutation at all.
- Yn is used with definite nouns and noun phrases, its indefinite equivalent being mewn.
Inflection edit
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “yn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
yn
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “yn”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Yola edit
Preposition edit
yn
- Alternative form of ing (“in”)
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 9-11:
- Yn ercha an aul o' while yt beeth wi gleezom o' core th' oure eyen dwytheth apan ye Vigere o'dicke Zouvereine, Wilyame ee Vourthe,
- In each and every condition it is with joy of heart that our eyes rest upon the representative of that Sovereign, William IV.,
References edit
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 114