šis
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). (Note that, since Proto-Baltic *š regularly yields Latvian s, the original form of this pronoun must have been *sis; the initial š is probably the result of extension from other forms, like the masculine genitive singular šā < *syā < *siā.) Cognates include Lithuanian šìs, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
šis (demonstrative, proximal) (distal: tas)
- (used as a determiner) this
- šis ūdens ir netīrs ― this water is dirty
- šī izrāde bija ļoti interesanta ― this show was very interesting
- šai miglā es nekā neredzu! ― in this fog I don't (= can't) see anything!
- (used as a pronoun) this, this one
- šis ir zirgs ― this is a horse
- šī ir vista ― this is a chicken
- šis nekā neatbildēja ― this one (= person) answered nothing
Declension edit
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | šis | šie | šī | šīs, šās | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | šo | šos | šo | šīs, šās | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | šī, šā | šo | šīs, šās | šo | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | šim | šiem | šai | šīm, šām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | šo | šiem | šo | šīm, šām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | šajā, šai, šinī |
šajos, šais, šinīs |
šajā, šai, šinī |
šajās, šais, šinīs | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “šis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (“this”). Cognates include Latvian šis, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (“this side of”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
šìs (demonstrative, proximal); (distal: tas)
- (used as a determiner) this
Declension edit
| masculine | feminine | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||||
| nominative (vardininkas) | šìs | šiẽ | šì | šiõs | |||||
| genitive (kilmininkas) | šiõ | šių̃ | šiõs | šių̃ | |||||
| dative (naudininkas) | šiám | šíems | šiái | šióms | |||||
| accusative (galininkas) | šį̃ | šiuõs | šią̃ | šiàs | |||||
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | šiuõ | šiaĩs | šià | šiomìs | |||||
| locative (vietininkas) | šiamè | šiuosè | šiojè | šiosè | |||||