aš
See also: Appendix:Variations of "as"
Lithuanian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Lithuanian eš, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀźun, *eś; compare Latvian es, Old Prussian es/as, Sudovian es, Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ. From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ-, *h₁eǵHom (“I”). Compare Sanskrit अहम् (aham), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Old Armenian ես (es), Latin egō. The final *-ś in Baltic is perhaps a result of sandhi or final obstruent devoicing.
Notable parallels of the vowel change observed in Lithuanian eš > aš include:
- Old Lithuanian ešva, cf. modern ašvà (“mare”), Old Prussian aswinan (“mare's milk”)
- Lithuanian ẽglė, cf. dialectal aglė, Old Prussian addle (“fir tree”).
These forms were perhaps carried on from dialects where *e- regularly gives a-.[1]
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editàš
- (first-person singular) I
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | àš | mùdu m, mùdvi f | mẽs |
genitive | manę̃s | mùdviejų | mū́sų |
dative | mán | mùdviem | mùms |
accusative | manè | mùdu m, mùdvi f | mùs |
instrumental | manimì, manim̃ | mùdviem | mumìs |
locative | manyjè, manỹ | mùdviese | mumysè |
- The genitive in -ęs is from an accusative stem *manen + the genitive ending -s.[2]
- The dative form is from an earlier mãni, with compensatory acute accuentation (compare Latvian man).
- The accusative continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *mene; compare Latvian acc. sg. mani, Old Prussian acc. sg. mien, Proto-Slavic gen. sg. *mene.[3]
Derived terms
editSee mano;
See also
editnominative | genitive | dative | accusative | instrumental | locative | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | 1st person | àš | manę̃s | mán | manè | manimi̇̀, manim̃ | manyjè, manỹ | màno | ||
2nd person | tù | tavę̃s | táu | tavè | tavimi̇̀, tavim̃ | tavyjè, tavỹ | tàvo | |||
3rd person | m | ji̇̀s, jisai̇̃ | jõ | jám | jį̇̃ | juõ | jamè | jõ | ||
f | ji̇̀, jinai̇̃ | jõs | jái | ją̃ | jà | jojè | jõs | |||
dual | 1st person | m | mùdu | mùdviejų | mùdviem | mùdu | mùdviem | mùdviese | mùdviejų | |
f | mùdvi | mùdvi | ||||||||
2nd person | m | jùdu | jùdviejų | jùdviem | jùdu | jùdviem | jùdviese | jùdviejų | ||
f | jùdvi | jùdvi | ||||||||
3rd person | m | juõdu, jiẽdu | jų̃dviejų | jõdviem | juõdu | jõdviem | jiẽdviese | jų̃dviejų | ||
f | jiẽdvi | jiẽdvi | ||||||||
plural | 1st person | mẽs | mū́sų | mùms | mùs | mumi̇̀s | mumysè | mū́sų | ||
2nd person | jū̃s | jū́sų | jùms | jùs | jumi̇̀s | jumysè | jū́sų | |||
3rd person | m | jiẽ | jų̃ | ji̇́ems | juõs | jai̇̃s | juosè | jų̃ | ||
f | jõs | jóms | jàs | jomi̇̀s | josè | |||||
reflexive | — | savę̃s | sáu | savè | savimi̇̀, savim̃ | savyjè, savỹ | sàvo |
References
edit- ^ Rick Derksen (2002) '"Rozwadowski's change" in Baltic', Baltų Filologija, vol. 11, no. 1, pg. 5-12
- ^ Vytautas Ambrazas ed. (1997) Lithuanian Grammar. Vilnius: Institute of the Lithuanian Language, page 208
- ^ Vytautas Mažiulis (2006) Historical Grammar of Old Prussian, page 78
Serbo-Croatian
editConjunction
editaš
Categories:
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Old Lithuanian
- Lithuanian terms derived from Old Lithuanian
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian pronouns
- Lithuanian personal pronouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian conjunctions
- Chakavian Serbo-Croatian