Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱís
Proto-Indo-European edit
Etymology edit
Presumedly a compound *ḱ(e)- + *ís, or nominalized from the particle as *ḱí + *-s by analogy to *(h₁)ís (from *h₁é?) and *kʷís (from *kʷ-?).
Pronoun edit
*ḱís
Inflection edit
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms edit
- *ḱéys (full-grade) ?
- *ḱí (particle) ?
Reconstruction notes edit
An innovative pronoun which could have formed independently in some branches, though it appears archaic given its presence in Anatolian. Like *só, it widely came to be used as a determiner in descendant languages; it also commonly became a bound morpheme in prefixal or suffixal position (more at *ḱe).
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Proto-Albanian: *tˢja ? (< *ḱy-ós)
- Proto-Anatolian: *ḱí[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *hiz[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kéis, *kís[5] ?
- ⇒ *(é-)key-enos (“that one there”) (+ *é-, + *énos (“that”))
- ⇒ *ťi-āmeron (“[on] this day”) (+ *ā́mər (“day”), + *-on)
- ⇒ *ťi-wétes (“[in] this year”) (+ *wétos (“year”))
- Proto-Italic: *ki(s)[1]
- Latin: cis (preposition)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 115–116: “PIt. *ki ‘here, by’, *ki-tero-; PIE *ḱi ‘this, here’”
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “sot”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 399
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “sonte”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 399
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998), “sivjet”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “kā- / kū- / ki-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 425–427: “PIE *ḱo-, *ḱi-”
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 225