ζημία
Ancient Greek edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Sommer connected the word with ζῆλος (zêlos, “fervour, zeal”), ζητέω (zētéō, “to inquire, search, investigate”) and δίζημαι (dízēmai, “to seek out, look for”). This suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-; for the semantics "zeal", "fine" compare Old English anda (“envy, jealousy”) with Old High German antōn (“to punish”). Connection with Sanskrit दीन (dīna, “poor, miserable, wretched”) and δειλός (deilós, “cowardly”) is quite uncertain.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /zdɛː.mí.aː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ze̝ˈmi.a/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ziˈmi.a/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ziˈmi.a/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ziˈmi.a/
Noun edit
ζημῐ́ᾱ • (zēmíā) f (genitive ζημῐ́ᾱς); first declension
- loss, damage
- Antonym: κέρδος (kérdos)
- penalty in money, fine
- (in general) penalty
- expense, expenditure
- dead loss, bad bargain
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ ζημῐ́ᾱ hē zēmíā |
τὼ ζημῐ́ᾱ tṑ zēmíā |
αἱ ζημῐ́αι hai zēmíai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς ζημῐ́ᾱς tês zēmíās |
τοῖν ζημῐ́αιν toîn zēmíain |
τῶν ζημῐῶν tôn zēmiôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ ζημῐ́ᾳ têi zēmíāi |
τοῖν ζημῐ́αιν toîn zēmíain |
ταῖς ζημῐ́αις taîs zēmíais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν ζημῐ́ᾱν tḕn zēmíān |
τὼ ζημῐ́ᾱ tṑ zēmíā |
τᾱ̀ς ζημῐ́ᾱς tā̀s zēmíās | ||||||||||
Vocative | ζημῐ́ᾱ zēmíā |
ζημῐ́ᾱ zēmíā |
ζημῐ́αι zēmíai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms edit
- ἀζημῐ́ᾱ (azēmíā)
- ἐπῐζήμῐος (epizḗmios)
- ζημῐοπρᾰκτέω (zēmiopraktéō)
- ζημῐόψῡχος (zēmiópsūkhos)
- ζημῐόω (zēmióō)
- ζημῐώδης (zēmiṓdēs)
- ζημῐ́ωμᾰ (zēmíōma)
- ζημῐ́ωσῐς (zēmíōsis)
- ζημῐωτής (zēmiōtḗs)
- ζημῐωτῐκός (zēmiōtikós)
- ζημῐᾰ́ζω (zēmiázō)
Descendants edit
- → Latin: zāmia (through Doric)
Further reading edit
- “ζημία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ζημία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ζημία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN