господин
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
господи́н • (gospodín) m (feminine госпожа́)
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | господи́н gospodín |
господа́, господи́новци1 gospodá, gospodínovci1 |
| definite (subject form) |
господи́нът gospodínǎt |
господа́та, господи́новците1 gospodáta, gospodínovcite1 |
| definite (object form) |
господи́на gospodína | |
| vocative form | господи́не gospodíne |
господа́, господи́новци1 gospodá, gospodínovci1 |
1Pejorative.
References edit
Macedonian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
го́сподин • (góspodin) m (plural го́спода, feminine го́споѓа)
- (formal, term of address) mister, sir, Mr. (polite, formal term of address to a man)
- Synonym: (abbreviation) г. (g.)
- gentleman (a man of a high rank or position)
Usage notes edit
- The pronunciation of госпо́дин is sometimes used in a jokingly, sarcastic way, but it's considered nonstandard.
- The abbreviations г-н and г-дин can also be found among Macedonians, but they're actually nonstandard. The only correct abbreviation is г. (the full stop is a must), which can also be an abbreviation for "year".
Declension edit
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| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | господин | господа |
| definite unspecified | господинот | господата |
| definite proximal | господинов | господава |
| definite distal | господинон | господана |
| vocative | господине | господа |
References edit
- “господин” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
Russian edit
Alternative forms edit
- г-н (g-n) — abbreviation
- господи́нъ (gospodín) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
господи́н • (gospodín) m anim (genitive господи́на, nominative plural господа́, genitive plural госпо́д, feminine госпожа́, relational adjective госпо́дский)
- gentleman (a man of a high rank or position)
- (formal, term of address) mister, Mr., sir (polite, formal term of address to a man)
- Synonym: (abbreviation) г-н (g-n)
- lord, master (the master of a household of servants or a manor)
Usage notes edit
Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the word "товарищ" ("comrade") being commonly used as a term of respect when addressing others, "господи́н" (and its feminine equivalent "госпожа́") are sometimes said to have returned as the Russian equivalent of "Mr." or "Ms." While they may be translated in this way, in daily practice these terms remain very rarely used by Russians. "Господин" is used primarily in news broadcasts (often when it is necessary to translate the foreign term "Mr."), in very formal written correspondence, or in certain, very formal situations among businessmen or civil servants.
When addressing someone respectfully, Russians most commonly use First Name + Patronymic. The adjective "уважаемый/ая" (lit. "respected") may be added for additional politeness. If they need to get a stranger's attention, Russians simply use the terms "мужчина" ("man), "молодой человек" ("young man"), "девушка" ("girl"), or "женщина" ("woman"). In other cases when someone's name and/or title is unknown, Russians simply address them in "V-Form."
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | господи́н gospodín |
господа́△ gospodá△ |
| genitive | господи́на gospodína |
госпо́д gospód |
| dative | господи́ну gospodínu |
господа́м gospodám |
| accusative | господи́на gospodína |
госпо́д gospód |
| instrumental | господи́ном gospodínom |
господа́ми gospodámi |
| prepositional | господи́не gospodíne |
господа́х gospodáx |
△ Irregular.
Related terms edit
- господа́рский (gospodárskij)
- господа́рь (gospodárʹ)
- госпо́день (gospódenʹ)
- госпо́дний (gospódnij)
- госпо́дский (gospódskij)
- Госпо́дь (Gospódʹ)
- госпожа́ (gospožá)
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ, from *gospodь (“lord, master”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
госпо̀дин m (Latin spelling gospòdin)
Declension edit
References edit
- “господин” in Hrvatski jezični portal