господин
Bulgarian
editAlternative forms
edit- г-н (g-n) — contraction
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editгосподи́н • (gospodín) m (feminine госпожа́)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | господи́н gospodín |
господа́, господи́новци1 gospodá, gospodínovci1 |
definite (subject form) |
господи́нът gospodínǎt |
господа́та, господи́новците1 gospodáta, gospodínovcite1 |
definite (object form) |
господи́на gospodína | |
vocative form | господи́не gospodíne |
господа́, господи́новци1 gospodá, gospodínovci1 |
1Pejorative.
References
editMacedonian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editго́сподин • (góspodin) m (plural го́спода, feminine го́споѓа)
- (formal, term of address) mister, sir, Mr. (polite, formal term of address to a man)
- Synonym: (abbreviation) г. (g.)
- gentleman (a man of a high rank or position)
Usage notes
edit- The pronunciation of госпо́дин is sometimes used in a jokingly, sarcastic way, but it's considered nonstandard.
- The abbreviations г-н and г-дин can also be found among Macedonians, but they're actually nonstandard. The only correct abbreviation is г. (the full stop is a must), which can also be an abbreviation for "year".
Declension
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singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | господин (gospodin) | господа (gospoda) |
definite unspecified | господинот (gospodinot) | господата (gospodata) |
definite proximal | господинов (gospodinov) | господава (gospodava) |
definite distal | господинон (gospodinon) | господана (gospodana) |
vocative | господине (gospodine) | господа (gospoda) |
References
edit- “господин” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- г-н (g-n) — abbreviation
- господи́нъ (gospodín) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editгосподи́н • (gospodín) m anim (genitive господи́на, nominative plural господа́, genitive plural госпо́д, feminine госпожа́, relational adjective госпо́дский)
- gentleman (a man of a high rank or position)
- 1857, Лев Толстой [Leo Tolstoy], “Глава XIII”, in Юность; English translation from C. J. Hogarth, transl., Youth, 1912:
- Несмотря́ на то, что мне бы́ло сты́дно пе́ред господи́ном, кото́рый и́з-за газе́ты с любопы́тством посма́тривал на меня́, я съел чрезвыча́йно бы́стро пирожко́в во́семь всех тех сорто́в, кото́рые то́лько бы́ли в конди́терской.
- Nesmotrjá na to, što mne býlo stýdno péred gospodínom, kotóryj íz-za gazéty s ljubopýtstvom posmátrival na menjá, ja sʺjel črezvyčájno býstro pirožkóv vósemʹ vsex tex sortóv, kotóryje tólʹko býli v kondíterskoj.
- In fact, for all my bashfulness before a gentleman who kept regarding me with some curiosity from behind a newspaper, I ate with great swiftness a tartlet of each of the eight different sorts which the confectioner kept.
- (formal, term of address) mister, Mr., sir (polite, formal term of address to a man)
- Synonym: (abbreviation) г-н (g-n)
- lord, master (the master of a household of servants or a manor)
Usage notes
editSince the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the word "товарищ" ("comrade") being commonly used as a term of respect when addressing others, "господи́н" and its feminine equivalent "госпожа́" are sometimes said to have returned as the Russian equivalent of "Mr." or "Ms." While they may be translated in this way, in daily practice these terms remain very rarely used by Russians - particularly the feminine "госпожа́". "Господин" is used primarily in news broadcasts (often when it is necessary to translate the foreign term "Mr."), in very formal written correspondence, or in certain, very formal situations among businessmen or civil servants.
When addressing someone respectfully, Russians most commonly use First Name + Patronymic. The adjective "уважаемый/ая" (lit. "respected") may be added for additional politeness. If they need to get a stranger's attention, Russians simply use the terms "мужчина" ("man), "молодой человек" ("young man"), "девушка" ("girl"), or "женщина" ("woman"). In other cases when someone's name and/or title is unknown, Russians simply address them in "V-Form."
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | господи́н gospodín |
господа́△ gospodá△ |
genitive | господи́на gospodína |
госпо́д gospód |
dative | господи́ну gospodínu |
господа́м gospodám |
accusative | господи́на gospodína |
госпо́д gospód |
instrumental | господи́ном gospodínom |
господа́ми gospodámi |
prepositional | господи́не gospodíne |
господа́х gospodáx |
△ Irregular.
Related terms
edit- господа́рский (gospodárskij)
- господа́рь (gospodárʹ)
- госпо́день (gospódenʹ)
- госпо́дний (gospódnij)
- госпо́дский (gospódskij)
- Госпо́дь (Gospódʹ)
- госпожа́ (gospožá)
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ, from *gospodь (“lord, master”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editгоспо̀дин m (Latin spelling gospòdin)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | господин | господа |
genitive | господина | господе |
dative | господину | господи |
accusative | господина | господу |
vocative | господине | господо |
locative | господину | господи |
instrumental | господином | господом |
References
edit- “господин”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian masculine nouns
- bg:Male people
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 3-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian proparoxytone terms
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian nouns
- Macedonian masculine nouns
- Macedonian formal terms
- Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -а
- mk:Titles
- mk:Male people
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 3-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian animate nouns
- Russian terms with quotations
- Russian formal terms
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern b
- Russian irregular nouns
- Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural
- Russian terms of address
- ru:Titles
- ru:Male people
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Male people