Bulgarian

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Alternative forms

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  • г-н (g-n)contraction

Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ɡospoˈdin]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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господи́н (gospodínm (feminine госпожа́)

  1. mister, Mr, sir
  2. gentleman

Declension

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Declension of господи́н
singular plural
indefinite господи́н
gospodín
господа́, господи́новци1
gospodá, gospodínovci1
definite
(subject form)
господи́нът
gospodínǎt
господа́та, господи́новците1
gospodáta, gospodínovcite1
definite
(object form)
господи́на
gospodína
vocative form господи́не
gospodíne
господа́, господи́новци1
gospodá, gospodínovci1

1Pejorative.

References

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  • господин”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • господин”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Macedonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈɡɔspɔdin]
  • IPA(key): [ɡɔsˈpɔdin] (nonstandard)
  • Hyphenation: гос‧по‧дин

Noun

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го́сподин (góspodinm (plural го́спода, feminine го́споѓа)

  1. (formal, term of address) mister, sir, Mr. (polite, formal term of address to a man)
    Synonym: (abbreviation) г. (g.)
  2. gentleman (a man of a high rank or position)

Usage notes

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  • The pronunciation of госпо́дин is sometimes used in a jokingly, sarcastic way, but it's considered nonstandard.
  • The abbreviations г-н and г-дин can also be found among Macedonians, but they're actually nonstandard. The only correct abbreviation is г. (the full stop is a must), which can also be an abbreviation for "year".

Declension

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Declension of господин
singular plural
indefinite господин (gospodin) господа (gospoda)
definite unspecified господинот (gospodinot) господата (gospodata)
definite proximal господинов (gospodinov) господава (gospodava)
definite distal господинон (gospodinon) господана (gospodana)
vocative господине (gospodine) господа (gospoda)

References

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  • господин” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Russian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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господи́н (gospodínm anim (genitive господи́на, nominative plural господа́, genitive plural госпо́д, feminine госпожа́, relational adjective госпо́дский)

  1. gentleman (a man of a high rank or position)
    • 1857, Лев Толстой [Leo Tolstoy], “Глава XIII”, in Юность; English translation from C. J. Hogarth, transl., Youth, 1912:
      Несмотря́ на то, что мне бы́ло сты́дно пе́ред господи́ном, кото́рый и́з-за газе́ты с любопы́тством посма́тривал на меня́, я съел чрезвыча́йно бы́стро пирожко́в во́семь всех тех сорто́в, кото́рые то́лько бы́ли в конди́терской.
      Nesmotrjá na to, što mne býlo stýdno péred gospodínom, kotóryj íz-za gazéty s ljubopýtstvom posmátrival na menjá, ja sʺjel črezvyčájno býstro pirožkóv vósemʹ vsex tex sortóv, kotóryje tólʹko býli v kondíterskoj.
      In fact, for all my bashfulness before a gentleman who kept regarding me with some curiosity from behind a newspaper, I ate with great swiftness a tartlet of each of the eight different sorts which the confectioner kept.
  2. (formal, term of address) mister, Mr., sir (polite, formal term of address to a man)
    Synonym: (abbreviation) г-н (g-n)
  3. lord, master (the master of a household of servants or a manor)
    Synonyms: хозя́ин (xozjáin), (historical) ба́рин (bárin)
    служи́ть двум господа́мslužítʹ dvum gospodámto serve two masters

Usage notes

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Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the word "товарищ" ("comrade") being commonly used as a term of respect when addressing others, "господи́н" and its feminine equivalent "госпожа́" are sometimes said to have returned as the Russian equivalent of "Mr." or "Ms." While they may be translated in this way, in daily practice these terms remain very rarely used by Russians - particularly the feminine "госпожа́". "Господин" is used primarily in news broadcasts (often when it is necessary to translate the foreign term "Mr."), in very formal written correspondence, or in certain, very formal situations among businessmen or civil servants.

When addressing someone respectfully, Russians most commonly use First Name + Patronymic. The adjective "уважаемый/ая" (lit. "respected") may be added for additional politeness. If they need to get a stranger's attention, Russians simply use the terms "мужчина" ("man), "молодой человек" ("young man"), "девушка" ("girl"), or "женщина" ("woman"). In other cases when someone's name and/or title is unknown, Russians simply address them in "V-Form."

Declension

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gospodinъ, from *gospodь (lord, master).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡospǒdin/
  • Hyphenation: гос‧по‧дин

Noun

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госпо̀дин m (Latin spelling gospòdin)

  1. gentleman
  2. mister
  3. Mr.
  4. sir

Declension

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Declension of господин
singular plural
nominative господин господа
genitive господина господе
dative господину господи
accusative господина господу
vocative господине господо
locative господину господи
instrumental господином господом

References

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  • господин”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025