See also: естъ and -есть

Old Novgorodian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

First attested as есть (estĭ) in year 1095±25. From Proto-Slavic *estь.

Verb edit

есть (estĭ)

  1. third-person singular present of бꙑти (byti)

References edit

Further reading edit

Russian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [jesʲtʲ], (proscribed, only the infinitive and its derivations) [jisʲtʲ]
  • (file)

Verb edit

есть (jestʹimpf (perfective съесть or пое́сть)

  1. to eat
    Он ел мя́со и сала́т.On jel mjáso i salát.He was eating meat and salad.
    есть поедо́мjestʹ pojedómto make somebody's life a misery by nagging
Conjugation edit
Derived terms edit
verbs
Related terms edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Slavic *estь.

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

есть (jestʹ)

  1. inflection of быть (bytʹ):
    1. present indicative
    2. first/second/third-person singular/plural present indicative imperfective
  2. there is, there are, exists/exist (expresses availability, existence or presence)
    Antonym: нет (net)
    в э́той газе́те есть интере́сная статья́v étoj gazéte jestʹ interésnaja statʹjáthere is an interesting article in this newspaper
  3. am/is/are located (at) (usually omitted)
  4. used to express possession
    у меня́ есть вопро́сu menjá jestʹ voprósI have a question
  5. am, is, are (used with any person or thing in any number, usually omitted but used for emphasis)
    кто ты есть?kto ty jestʹ?who are you (at all)?
Usage notes edit
  • This form of быть (bytʹ) is special and most frequently used in the present tense, for past and future tense and other forms, see быть (bytʹ).
  • The pre-reform orthography (1918) form ѣсть (jěstʹ) doesn't apply to this sense, only to the sense "to eat"; thus, the two terms were spelled differently before the reform.

Etymology 3 edit

Borrowed from English yes.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

есть (jestʹ) (military, not in general use)

  1. yes!, hooray!
  2. okay, right, roger
  3. (military) yessir!
  4. (nautical) aye-aye!

References edit

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “есть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress