крена
See also: креня
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kręnǫti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
кре́на • (kréna) first-singular present indicative, pf (imperfective кре́вам) (dialectal)
- (intransitive)
- (transitive)
- (reflexive with се) to pass through a difficult situation, to proceed
Usage notes edit
- Western dialects tend to bear the meaning “to lift, to raise”.
- Eastern dialects, on the other hand, convey a meaning closer to “to struggle moving, to toil”.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of кре́на (conjugation 1.2, perfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | — | кре́нал, крена́л1 krénal, krenál1 |
кре́нел krénel |
кре́нат krénat |
— | |
| definite subject form | — | кре́налият, крена́лият1 krénalijat, krenálijat1 |
— | кре́натият krénatijat | |||
| definite object form | — | кре́налия, крена́лия1 krénalija, krenálija1 |
— | кре́натия krénatija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | — | кре́нала, крена́ла1 krénala, krenála1 |
кре́нела krénela |
кре́ната krénata | ||
| definite | — | кре́налата, крена́лата1 krénalata, krenálata1 |
— | кре́натата krénatata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | — | кре́нало, крена́ло1 krénalo, krenálo1 |
кре́нело krénelo |
кре́нато krénato |
— | |
| definite | — | кре́налото, крена́лото1 krénaloto, krenáloto1 |
— | кре́натото krénatoto |
— | ||
| plural | indefinite | — | кре́нали, крена́ли1 krénali, krenáli1 |
кре́нели kréneli |
кре́нати krénati |
— | |
| definite | — | кре́налите, крена́лите1 krénalite, krenálite1 |
— | кре́натите krénatite |
— | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | кре́на kréna |
кре́неш kréneš |
кре́не kréne |
кре́нем krénem |
кре́нете krénete |
кре́нат krénat | |
| imperfect | кре́нех kréneh |
кре́неше kréneše |
кре́неше kréneše |
кре́нехме krénehme |
кре́нехте krénehte |
кре́неха kréneha | |
| aorist | кре́нах, крена́х1 krénah, krenáh1 |
кре́на, крена́1 kréna, krená1 |
кре́на, крена́1 kréna, krená1 |
кре́нахме, крена́хме1 krénahme, krenáhme1 |
кре́нахте, крена́хте1 krénahte, krenáhte1 |
кре́наха, крена́ха1 krénaha, krenáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and кре́нел m, кре́нела f, кре́нело n, or кре́нели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and кре́нел m, кре́нела f, кре́нело n, or кре́нели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кре́нел m, кре́нела f, кре́нело n, or кре́нели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and кре́нал/крена́л1 m, кре́нала/крена́ла1 f, кре́нало/крена́ло1 n, or кре́нали/крена́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| крени́ krení |
крене́те krenéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms edit
- кре́тна (krétna)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “крена”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кревам, крена”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 787
Russian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
кре́на • (kréna) m inan