بخشش

See also: تحسس

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian بخشش (“gift, donation, tip”).

Verb

بخشش • (baḵšaš) (imperfect يبخشش (yibaḵšiš))

1. to tip
   • 1997, Hamdi A. Qafisheh, NTC's Gulf Arabic-English Dictionary‎^[1], NTC, page 31:

     بخششته عشرة درهم.

     baḵšašta ʿašara dirhim.

     I tipped him ten dirhams.

2. to bribe

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ḤLKWN-šn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bhššn' /⁠baxšišn⁠/, “bestowal, distribution”). By surface analysis, بخش (baxš) +‎ ـش (-eš). Akin to Old Armenian բաշխիշ (bašxiš), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bax.ʃiʃ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäx.ʃɪʃ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäx.ʃɪʃ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäx.ʃɪʃ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäx.ʃiʃ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæx.ʃeʃ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäχ.ʃiʃ]

Readings
Classical reading?	baxšiš
Dari reading?	baxšiš
Iranian reading?	baxšeš
Tajik reading?	baxšiš

Noun

Dari	بخشش
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бахшиш

بخشش • (baxšeš)

1. gift, donation
2. lot, bestowal
3. bounty, tip, baksheesh
4. mercy, generosity
5. forgiveness, pardon

Related terms

• بخشیدن (baxšidan)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: bəxşiş
• → Bengali: বখশিশ (bôkhśiś), বকশিশ (bôkśiś)
• → Gulf Arabic: بخشش (baḵšaš)
• → Gujarati: બક્ષિશ (bakṣiś), બખશીશ (bakhśīś)
• → Ottoman Turkish: بخشش (bahşiş)
  • Turkish: bahşiş
• → Punjabi: ਬਖਸ਼ (bakhaś), ਬਖਸ਼ਸ਼ (bakhśaś), ਬਖਸ਼ੀਸ਼ (bakhśīś)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971) “բաշխիշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 412a
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 235
• Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “baxšišn”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 45b
• Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 56

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian بخشش (baxšiš).

Noun

بخشش • (baxšiš) f (Hindi spelling बख़्शिश)

1. pardon