pardon
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English pardonen, from Old French pardoner (modern French pardonner), from Late Latin perdonare, from per- + donare, possibly a calque (if not vice-versa) of a Germanic word represented by Frankish *firgeban (“to forgive, give up completely”), from *fir- + *geban. Akin to Old High German fargeban, firgeban (“to forgive”), Old English forġiefan (“to forgive”). More at forgive.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɑːdn̩/
- (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/, [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩]
Audio (GA) (file) - (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈpaːdɘn/, [ˈpʰäːɾɘn]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dən
- Hyphenation: par‧don
Noun edit
pardon (countable and uncountable, plural pardons)
- Forgiveness for an offence.
- 1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:
- […] a step, that could not be taken with the least hope of ever obtaining pardon from or reconciliation with any of my friends; […]
- (law) An order that releases a convicted criminal without further punishment, prevents future punishment, or (in some jurisdictions) removes an offence from a person's criminal record, as if it had never been committed.
- The President […] shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
- 1974 September 8, Gerald R. Ford, 00:24 from the start, in Proclamation 4311[1], archived from the original on 18 May 2017, page 2[2]:
- NOW, THEREFORE, I, Gerald R. Ford, President of the United States, pursuant to the pardon power conferred upon me by Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States which he, Richard Nixon, has committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from July[sic – meaning January] 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974.
- 2001, Barbara Olson, “The Final Frenzy: Finishing Touches on the Legend”, in The Final Days: The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House[3] (Politics/Current Affairs), Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:
- But the president's most irreversible, almost God-like power is the authority granted to him under Article II, Section 2, of the United States Constitution, "to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses Against the United States. . . ."
The power is absolute-even a serial killer could be pardoned-and utterly unreviewable. It cannot be rescinded by the next president. The president may grant a pardon before a trial, after a trial, or without a trial. Once granted, a pardon can never be taken away.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
forgiveness for an offence
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releasing order
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Verb edit
pardon (third-person singular simple present pardons, present participle pardoning, simple past and past participle pardoned)
- (transitive) To forgive (a person).
- 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, / That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!
- 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], Emma: […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:
- I hope you will not find he has outstepped the truth more than may be pardoned, in consideration of the motive.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
- In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned.
- (transitive) To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
- I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
- (transitive, law) To grant an official pardon for a crime.
- 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:
- The murderer, he recalled, had been tried and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned by a merciful governor after serving a year of his sentence.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
to forgive
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to grant an official pardon
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Interjection edit
pardon?
- Often used when someone does not understand what another person says.
Synonyms edit
- See also Thesaurus:say again
Translations edit
interjection, request to repeat
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Anagrams edit
Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
Interjection edit
pardon
- sorry, I'm sorry, I beg your pardon, I apologize
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
pardon
Descendants edit
Noun edit
pardon n (plural pardons)
Descendants edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
pardon
Descendants edit
- → Bulgarian: пардон (pardon) (colloquial)
- → Czech: pardon (colloquial)
- → Dutch: pardon
- → English: pardon
- → Greek: μπαρδόν (bardón)
- → Hungarian: pardon
- → Macedonian: пардон (pardon)
- → Ottoman Turkish: پاردون (pardon)
- Turkish: pardon
- → Polish: pardon
- → Romanian: pardon
- → Russian: пардон (pardon) (colloquial)
Noun edit
pardon m (plural pardons)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “pardon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From French pardon, primarily via German Pardon.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
pardon
Noun edit
pardon
Declension edit
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | pardon | pardonok |
| accusative | pardont | pardonokat |
| dative | pardonnak | pardonoknak |
| instrumental | pardonnal | pardonokkal |
| causal-final | pardonért | pardonokért |
| translative | pardonná | pardonokká |
| terminative | pardonig | pardonokig |
| essive-formal | pardonként | pardonokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | pardonban | pardonokban |
| superessive | pardonon | pardonokon |
| adessive | pardonnál | pardonoknál |
| illative | pardonba | pardonokba |
| sublative | pardonra | pardonokra |
| allative | pardonhoz | pardonokhoz |
| elative | pardonból | pardonokból |
| delative | pardonról | pardonokról |
| ablative | pardontól | pardonoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
pardoné | pardonoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
pardonéi | pardonokéi |
| Possessive forms of pardon | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | pardonom | pardonjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | pardonod | pardonjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | pardonja | pardonjai |
| 1st person plural | pardonunk | pardonjaink |
| 2nd person plural | pardonotok | pardonjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | pardonjuk | pardonjaik |
Derived terms edit
Expressions
References edit
- ^ pardon in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading edit
- pardon in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pardon m inan
- (dated) pardon, forgiveness
- Synonyms: przebaczenie, wybaczenie
Declension edit
Declension of pardon
Derived terms edit
adjective
adverb
noun
verb
Interjection edit
pardon
- (colloquial) sorry, excuse me, I beg your pardon
- Synonym: przepraszam
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
pardon
- pardon!, pardon me!, excuse me!, I beg your pardon!, sorry!
Noun edit
pardon n (uncountable)
Synonyms edit
See also edit
Swedish edit
Noun edit
pardon c
- (usually negated) mercy
- utan pardon ― without mercy
Synonyms edit
References edit
- pardon in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- pardon in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- pardon in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish پاردون (pardon), from French pardon.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
pardon
- pardon!, pardon me!, excuse me!, I beg your pardon!, sorry!