درب

See also: درت and ذرت

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δέρβη (Dérbē, “Derbe”), a border town in Lycaonia at the Cilician Gates.

Noun

دَرْب • (darb) m (plural دُرُوب (durūb))

1. path, pass, way

Declension

Declension of noun دَرْب (darb)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَرْب darb	الدَّرْب ad-darb	دَرْب darb
Nominative	دَرْبٌ darbun	الدَّرْبُ ad-darbu	دَرْبُ darbu
Accusative	دَرْبًا darban	الدَّرْبَ ad-darba	دَرْبَ darba
Genitive	دَرْبٍ darbin	الدَّرْبِ ad-darbi	دَرْبِ darbi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَرْبَيْن darbayn	الدَّرْبَيْن ad-darbayn	دَرْبَيْ darbay
Nominative	دَرْبَانِ darbāni	الدَّرْبَانِ ad-darbāni	دَرْبَا darbā
Accusative	دَرْبَيْنِ darbayni	الدَّرْبَيْنِ ad-darbayni	دَرْبَيْ darbay
Genitive	دَرْبَيْنِ darbayni	الدَّرْبَيْنِ ad-darbayni	دَرْبَيْ darbay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُرُوب durūb	الدُّرُوب ad-durūb	دُرُوب durūb
Nominative	دُرُوبٌ durūbun	الدُّرُوبُ ad-durūbu	دُرُوبُ durūbu
Accusative	دُرُوبًا durūban	الدُّرُوبَ ad-durūba	دُرُوبَ durūba
Genitive	دُرُوبٍ durūbin	الدُّرُوبِ ad-durūbi	دُرُوبِ durūbi

Derived terms

• دَرْب التَّبَّانَة (darb at-tabbāna, “Milky Way”)
• دَرَّاب (darrāb, “way guardian”)

Descendants

• → Classical Syriac: ܕܰܪܒܳܐ (darbā, “way, path”)
• → Old Spanish: adarve, adarbe
  • Spanish: adarve

Etymology 2

From the root د ر ب (d-r-b). Possibly these verbs are all denominally formed from دَرْب (darb), since Derbe was a town to be passed for those who were drilled for war against the Greeks. The same even applies to Spain, the Pyrenees being called الدُرُوب (ad-durūb), to be passed for war against the Franks.

Verb

دَرِبَ • (dariba) I, non-past يَدْرَبُ‎ (yadrabu)

1. to accustom oneself, become familiar with
2. (construed with بِ (bi)) to practice in
3. to be badly off

Conjugation

Conjugation of

دَرِبَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns دَرَب or دُرْبَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						دَرَب or دُرْبَة darab or durba
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						دَارِب dārib
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَدْرُوب madrūb
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَرِبْتُ daribtu	دَرِبْتَ daribta	دَرِبَ dariba		دَرِبْتُمَا daribtumā	دَرِبَا daribā		دَرِبْنَا daribnā	دَرِبْتُمْ daribtum	دَرِبُوا daribū
	f		دَرِبْتِ daribti	دَرِبَتْ daribat			دَرِبَتَا daribatā			دَرِبْتُنَّ daribtunna	دَرِبْنَ daribna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَدْرَبُ ʔadrabu	تَدْرَبُ tadrabu	يَدْرَبُ yadrabu		تَدْرَبَانِ tadrabāni	يَدْرَبَانِ yadrabāni		نَدْرَبُ nadrabu	تَدْرَبُونَ tadrabūna	يَدْرَبُونَ yadrabūna
	f		تَدْرَبِينَ tadrabīna	تَدْرَبُ tadrabu			تَدْرَبَانِ tadrabāni			تَدْرَبْنَ tadrabna	يَدْرَبْنَ yadrabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَدْرَبَ ʔadraba	تَدْرَبَ tadraba	يَدْرَبَ yadraba		تَدْرَبَا tadrabā	يَدْرَبَا yadrabā		نَدْرَبَ nadraba	تَدْرَبُوا tadrabū	يَدْرَبُوا yadrabū
	f		تَدْرَبِي tadrabī	تَدْرَبَ tadraba			تَدْرَبَا tadrabā			تَدْرَبْنَ tadrabna	يَدْرَبْنَ yadrabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَدْرَبْ ʔadrab	تَدْرَبْ tadrab	يَدْرَبْ yadrab		تَدْرَبَا tadrabā	يَدْرَبَا yadrabā		نَدْرَبْ nadrab	تَدْرَبُوا tadrabū	يَدْرَبُوا yadrabū
	f		تَدْرَبِي tadrabī	تَدْرَبْ tadrab			تَدْرَبَا tadrabā			تَدْرَبْنَ tadrabna	يَدْرَبْنَ yadrabna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِدْرَبْ idrab			اِدْرَبَا idrabā				اِدْرَبُوا idrabū
	f		اِدْرَبِي idrabī							اِدْرَبْنَ idrabna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	دُرِبَ duriba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُدْرَبُ yudrabu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُدْرَبَ yudraba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُدْرَبْ yudrab		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

دَرَب • (darab) m

1. verbal noun of دَرِبَ (dariba, “to accustom oneself, become familiar, practice in”) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun دَرَب (darab)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَرَب darab	الدَّرَب ad-darab	دَرَب darab
Nominative	دَرَبٌ darabun	الدَّرَبُ ad-darabu	دَرَبُ darabu
Accusative	دَرَبًا daraban	الدَّرَبَ ad-daraba	دَرَبَ daraba
Genitive	دَرَبٍ darabin	الدَّرَبِ ad-darabi	دَرَبِ darabi

Etymology 3

Causative of دَرِبَ (dariba, “to accustom oneself, become familiar, practice in”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

دَرَّبَ • (darraba) II, non-past يُدَرِّبُ‎ (yudarribu)

1. to accustom, to familiarize
2. to exercise, to drill
3. to show oneself enduring
4. to guide, to direct

Conjugation

Conjugation of

دَرَّبَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَدْرِيب tadrīb
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُدَرِّب mudarrib
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُدَرَّب mudarrab
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَرَّبْتُ darrabtu	دَرَّبْتَ darrabta	دَرَّبَ darraba		دَرَّبْتُمَا darrabtumā	دَرَّبَا darrabā		دَرَّبْنَا darrabnā	دَرَّبْتُمْ darrabtum	دَرَّبُوا darrabū
	f		دَرَّبْتِ darrabti	دَرَّبَتْ darrabat			دَرَّبَتَا darrabatā			دَرَّبْتُنَّ darrabtunna	دَرَّبْنَ darrabna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَرِّبُ ʔudarribu	تُدَرِّبُ tudarribu	يُدَرِّبُ yudarribu		تُدَرِّبَانِ tudarribāni	يُدَرِّبَانِ yudarribāni		نُدَرِّبُ nudarribu	تُدَرِّبُونَ tudarribūna	يُدَرِّبُونَ yudarribūna
	f		تُدَرِّبِينَ tudarribīna	تُدَرِّبُ tudarribu			تُدَرِّبَانِ tudarribāni			تُدَرِّبْنَ tudarribna	يُدَرِّبْنَ yudarribna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَرِّبَ ʔudarriba	تُدَرِّبَ tudarriba	يُدَرِّبَ yudarriba		تُدَرِّبَا tudarribā	يُدَرِّبَا yudarribā		نُدَرِّبَ nudarriba	تُدَرِّبُوا tudarribū	يُدَرِّبُوا yudarribū
	f		تُدَرِّبِي tudarribī	تُدَرِّبَ tudarriba			تُدَرِّبَا tudarribā			تُدَرِّبْنَ tudarribna	يُدَرِّبْنَ yudarribna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَرِّبْ ʔudarrib	تُدَرِّبْ tudarrib	يُدَرِّبْ yudarrib		تُدَرِّبَا tudarribā	يُدَرِّبَا yudarribā		نُدَرِّبْ nudarrib	تُدَرِّبُوا tudarribū	يُدَرِّبُوا yudarribū
	f		تُدَرِّبِي tudarribī	تُدَرِّبْ tudarrib			تُدَرِّبَا tudarribā			تُدَرِّبْنَ tudarribna	يُدَرِّبْنَ yudarribna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دَرِّبْ darrib			دَرِّبَا darribā				دَرِّبُوا darribū
	f		دَرِّبِي darribī							دَرِّبْنَ darribna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُرِّبْتُ durribtu	دُرِّبْتَ durribta	دُرِّبَ durriba		دُرِّبْتُمَا durribtumā	دُرِّبَا durribā		دُرِّبْنَا durribnā	دُرِّبْتُمْ durribtum	دُرِّبُوا durribū
	f		دُرِّبْتِ durribti	دُرِّبَتْ durribat			دُرِّبَتَا durribatā			دُرِّبْتُنَّ durribtunna	دُرِّبْنَ durribna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَرَّبُ ʔudarrabu	تُدَرَّبُ tudarrabu	يُدَرَّبُ yudarrabu		تُدَرَّبَانِ tudarrabāni	يُدَرَّبَانِ yudarrabāni		نُدَرَّبُ nudarrabu	تُدَرَّبُونَ tudarrabūna	يُدَرَّبُونَ yudarrabūna
	f		تُدَرَّبِينَ tudarrabīna	تُدَرَّبُ tudarrabu			تُدَرَّبَانِ tudarrabāni			تُدَرَّبْنَ tudarrabna	يُدَرَّبْنَ yudarrabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَرَّبَ ʔudarraba	تُدَرَّبَ tudarraba	يُدَرَّبَ yudarraba		تُدَرَّبَا tudarrabā	يُدَرَّبَا yudarrabā		نُدَرَّبَ nudarraba	تُدَرَّبُوا tudarrabū	يُدَرَّبُوا yudarrabū
	f		تُدَرَّبِي tudarrabī	تُدَرَّبَ tudarraba			تُدَرَّبَا tudarrabā			تُدَرَّبْنَ tudarrabna	يُدَرَّبْنَ yudarrabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَرَّبْ ʔudarrab	تُدَرَّبْ tudarrab	يُدَرَّبْ yudarrab		تُدَرَّبَا tudarrabā	يُدَرَّبَا yudarrabā		نُدَرَّبْ nudarrab	تُدَرَّبُوا tudarrabū	يُدَرَّبُوا yudarrabū
	f		تُدَرَّبِي tudarrabī	تُدَرَّبْ tudarrab			تُدَرَّبَا tudarrabā			تُدَرَّبْنَ tudarrabna	يُدَرَّبْنَ yudarrabna

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “درب”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 428–430
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “درب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 19
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “درب”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 684
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “درب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 866–867
• Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[5] (in German), volume 51, pages 296–297
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “درب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 318

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian dlpʾs (darbās), a derivative of Proto-Iranian *dwā́r, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰwā́r, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr (“door”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [daɾβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æɹb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äɾb]

Readings
Classical reading?	darb
Dari reading?	darb
Iranian reading?	darb
Tajik reading?	darb

Noun

درب • (darb)

1. gate

South Levantine Arabic

Root
د ر ب
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic دَرَّبَ (darraba).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dar.rab/, [ˈdar.rab]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

درّب • (darrab) II (present بدرّب (bidarreb))

1. (transitive) to train

Conjugation

Conjugation of درّب (darrab)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	درّبت (darrabt)	درّبت (darrabt)	درّب (darrab)		درّبنا (darrabna)	درّبتو (darrabtu)	درّبو (darrabu)
	f		درّبتي (darrabti)	درّبت (darrabat)
present	m	بدرّب (badarreb)	بتدرّب (bitdarreb)	بدرّب (bidarreb)		مندرّب (mindarreb)	بتدرّبو (bitdarrbu)	بدرّبو (bidarrbu)
	f		بتدرّبي (bitdarrbi)	بتدرّب (bitdarreb)
subjunctive	m	ادرّب (adarreb)	تدرّب (tdarreb)	يدرّب (ydarreb)		ندرّب (ndarreb)	تدرّبو (tdarrbu)	يدرّبو (ydarrbu)
	f		تدرّبي (tdarrbi)	تدرّب (tdarreb)
imperative	m		درّب (darreb)				درّبو (darrbu)
	f		درّبي (darrbi)