ذرة

See also: ذرہ, ذره, درہ, درة, and دره

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ذ ر ر (ḏ-r-r). Related to the verb ذَرَّ (ḏarra, “to strew, to scatter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðar.ra/

Noun

ذَرَّة • (ḏarra) f (singulative, collective ذَرّ m (ḏarr), paucal ذَرَّات (ḏarrāt))

1. tiny particle, speck, mote
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:40:

     إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِنْ تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَاعِفْهَا

     ʔinna l-laha lā yaẓlimu miṯqāla ḏarratin waʔin taku ḥasanatan yuḍāʕifhā

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (physics, chemistry) atom

Declension

Declension of noun ذَرَّة (ḏarra)

Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذَرَّة ḏarra	الذَّرَّة aḏ-ḏarra	ذَرَّة ḏarrat
Nominative	ذَرَّةٌ ḏarratun	الذَّرَّةُ aḏ-ḏarratu	ذَرَّةُ ḏarratu
Accusative	ذَرَّةً ḏarratan	الذَّرَّةَ aḏ-ḏarrata	ذَرَّةَ ḏarrata
Genitive	ذَرَّةٍ ḏarratin	الذَّرَّةِ aḏ-ḏarrati	ذَرَّةِ ḏarrati
Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذَرّ ḏarr	الذَّرّ aḏ-ḏarr	ذَرّ ḏarr
Nominative	ذَرٌّ ḏarrun	الذَّرُّ aḏ-ḏarru	ذَرُّ ḏarru
Accusative	ذَرًّا ḏarran	الذَّرَّ aḏ-ḏarra	ذَرَّ ḏarra
Genitive	ذَرٍّ ḏarrin	الذَّرِّ aḏ-ḏarri	ذَرِّ ḏarri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذَرَّتَيْن ḏarratayn	الذَّرَّتَيْن aḏ-ḏarratayn	ذَرَّتَيْ ḏarratay
Nominative	ذَرَّتَانِ ḏarratāni	الذَّرَّتَانِ aḏ-ḏarratāni	ذَرَّتَا ḏarratā
Accusative	ذَرَّتَيْنِ ḏarratayni	الذَّرَّتَيْنِ aḏ-ḏarratayni	ذَرَّتَيْ ḏarratay
Genitive	ذَرَّتَيْنِ ḏarratayni	الذَّرَّتَيْنِ aḏ-ḏarratayni	ذَرَّتَيْ ḏarratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذَرَّات ḏarrāt	الذَّرَّات aḏ-ḏarrāt	ذَرَّات ḏarrāt
Nominative	ذَرَّاتٌ ḏarrātun	الذَّرَّاتُ aḏ-ḏarrātu	ذَرَّاتُ ḏarrātu
Accusative	ذَرَّاتٍ ḏarrātin	الذَّرَّاتِ aḏ-ḏarrāti	ذَرَّاتِ ḏarrāti
Genitive	ذَرَّاتٍ ḏarrātin	الذَّرَّاتِ aḏ-ḏarrāti	ذَرَّاتِ ḏarrāti

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: ذرة (ḏarra)
• Hijazi Arabic: ذرة (ḏarra)
• → Azerbaijani: zərrə
• → Northern Kurdish: zere
• → Ottoman Turkish: ذره (zerre)
  • Turkish: zerre
  • → Serbo-Croatian: zehra, зехра
• → Persian: ذره (zarre)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: ज़रा (zarā)

    Urdu: ذرا (zarā)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਜ਼ਰਾ (zarā)

    Shahmukhi script: ذرا (zarā)

• → Turkmen: zerre
• → Uyghur: زەررە (zerre)
• → Uzbek: zarra

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ذر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

From the root ذ ر و (ḏ-r-w) or ذ ر ي (ḏ-r-y)? Compare ذَرَا (ḏarā, “to scatter, to blow away”), also spelled ذَرَى (ḏarā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðu.ra/
  • (Gulf) IPA^(key): /ðʊ.rə/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /du.ra/

Noun

ذُرَة • (ḏura) f (collective, singulative ذُرَة f (ḏura))

1. durra, Indian millet (Sorghum bicolor)
2. maize, durum corn, Indian corn (Zea mays)

Declension

Declension of noun ذُرَة (ḏura)

Collective	collective triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذُرَة ḏura	الذُّرَة aḏ-ḏura	ذُرَة ḏurat
Nominative	ذُرَةٌ ḏuratun	الذُّرَةُ aḏ-ḏuratu	ذُرَةُ ḏuratu
Accusative	ذُرَةً ḏuratan	الذُّرَةَ aḏ-ḏurata	ذُرَةَ ḏurata
Genitive	ذُرَةٍ ḏuratin	الذُّرَةِ aḏ-ḏurati	ذُرَةِ ḏurati
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذُرَة ḏura	الذُّرَة aḏ-ḏura	ذُرَة ḏurat
Nominative	ذُرَةٌ ḏuratun	الذُّرَةُ aḏ-ḏuratu	ذُرَةُ ḏuratu
Accusative	ذُرَةً ḏuratan	الذُّرَةَ aḏ-ḏurata	ذُرَةَ ḏurata
Genitive	ذُرَةٍ ḏuratin	الذُّرَةِ aḏ-ḏurati	ذُرَةِ ḏurati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذُرَتَيْن ḏuratayn	الذُّرَتَيْن aḏ-ḏuratayn	ذُرَتَيْ ḏuratay
Nominative	ذُرَتَانِ ḏuratāni	الذُّرَتَانِ aḏ-ḏuratāni	ذُرَتَا ḏuratā
Accusative	ذُرَتَيْنِ ḏuratayni	الذُّرَتَيْنِ aḏ-ḏuratayni	ذُرَتَيْ ḏuratay
Genitive	ذُرَتَيْنِ ḏuratayni	الذُّرَتَيْنِ aḏ-ḏuratayni	ذُرَتَيْ ḏuratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ذُرَات ḏurāt	الذُّرَات aḏ-ḏurāt	ذُرَات ḏurāt
Nominative	ذُرَاتٌ ḏurātun	الذُّرَاتُ aḏ-ḏurātu	ذُرَاتُ ḏurātu
Accusative	ذُرَاتٍ ḏurātin	الذُّرَاتِ aḏ-ḏurāti	ذُرَاتِ ḏurāti
Genitive	ذُرَاتٍ ḏurātin	الذُّرَاتِ aḏ-ḏurāti	ذُرَاتِ ḏurāti

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: ذرة (dura)
  • → Greek: ντούρα (ntoúra)
• → English: durra, dhoora, dhoorra, dhourra, dhurran, doura, dura
• → Finnish: durra
• Hijazi Arabic: ذرة (dura)
• → Persian: ذرت (zorrat)
• South Levantine Arabic: درة (dura)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ذرو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ذري”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ذ ر ر
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic ذُرَة (ḏura).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dura/, /ðura/

Noun

ذرة • (dura) f (collective, singulative ذرة f (dura))

1. maize, corn

   Synonym: حبش (ḥabaš)

Etymology 2

From Arabic ذَرَّة (ḏarra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zar.ra/, /ðar.ra/

Noun

ذرة • (ḏarra) f (plural ذرات (ḏarrāt))

1. atom
2. tiny particle, speck, mote

Usage notes

Both traditional and spelling pronunciations are used by most speakers interchangeably.