سودا

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَوْدَاء (sawdāʔ), through Classical Persian سودا (sawdâ).

Noun

سودا • (sevda)

1. black bile, one of the humours of ancient physiology
2. melancholy, great sadness or depression
3. passion, strong desire, ardor, enthusiasm
4. ambition, eager and intense longing for power

Derived terms

• سودالی (sevdalı, “madly in love”)

Related terms

• سوداوی (sevdavi, “melancholic”)

Descendants

• Turkish: sevda
• → Albanian: sevda
• → Bulgarian: севда (sevda)
• → Greek: σεβντάς (sevntás)
• → Laz: სევდა (sevda), სევდალი (sevdali)
• → Macedonian: севда (sevda)
• → Romanian: sevda
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: севдах
  • Latin script: sevdah

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sevda1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4173
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سودا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 697
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Melancholia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[2], Vienna, column 1026
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سودا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 2700
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sevda”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سودا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1087

Persian

Dari	سودا
Iranian Persian
Tajik	савдо

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [saw.dɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säw.d̪ɑː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säw.d̪ɑː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [säw.d̪ɑː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [säw.d̪ɔː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sow.d̪ɒː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säw.d̪ɔ]

Readings
Classical reading?	sawdā
Dari reading?	sawdā
Iranian reading?	sowdâ
Tajik reading?	savdo

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

سودا • (sowdâ)

1. trade

Derived terms

• سوداگر

Descendants

• → Bashkir: сауҙа (sawźa)
• → Bengali: সওদা (śoōda)
• → Chagatai: سودا
  • Uyghur: سودا (soda)
  • Uzbek: savdo
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सौदा (saudā)

  Urdu: سودا (sodā)

• → Kazakh: сауда (sauda)
• → Turkmen: söwda

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic سَوْدَاء (sawdāʔ).

Noun

سودا • (sowdâ)

1. black bile
2. melancholy
3. passion

Derived terms

• سوداپرست (sowdâparast)
  • سوداپرستی (sowdâparasti)
• سودازده (sowdâzade)
• سودائی (sowdâ'i)

Related terms

• سوداوی (sowdâvi)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سودا”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سودا”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /sɔː.d̪ɑː/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian سودا (sawdā).

Noun

سَودا • (saudā) m (Hindi spelling सौदा)

1. goods, wares; trade, traffic; marketing; purchase, bargain
2. fruits; sweetmeats

Derived terms

• سودا کرنا (saudā karnā)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic سَوْدَاء (sawdāʔ).

Noun

سَودا • (saudā) m (Hindi spelling सौदा)

1. the black bile (one of the four humours of the body), atrabilis; melancholy; hypochondria; frenzy, madness, insanity; love; desire, concupiscence; ambition

Derived terms

• سودا اچھلنا
• سودا ہونا (sodā honā)

Related terms

• سوداوی (sodāvī)
• سودائی (sodāī)

Further reading

• “سودا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “سودا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “سودا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Uyghur

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai سودا, from Persian سودا.

Noun

سودا • (soda) (plural سودىلار (sodilar))

1. trade

Derived terms

• دۇنيا سودا تەشكىلاتى (dunya soda teshkilati)