Arabic

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Etymology

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From the root ص و م (ṣ-w-m). Compare Hebrew צָם (ṣām) and Ge'ez ጾመ (ṣomä, to fast). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is a semantic loan from Aramaic צום / ܨܳܡ (ṣām, to fast), referring to the meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages.

Verb

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صَامَ (ṣāma) I (non-past يَصُومُ (yaṣūmu), verbal noun صَوْم (ṣawm) or صِيَام (ṣiyām))

  1. (obsolete) to stand still, to become calm
  2. to fast (to abstain, usually from food and drink)

Conjugation

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References

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Hijazi Arabic

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Root
ص و م
2 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic صَامَ (ṣāma).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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صام (ṣām) I (non-past يصوم (yiṣūm), active participle صايم (ṣāyim))

  1. to fast
    المسلمين يصوموا في شهر رمضان.
    al-muslimīn yiṣūmu fi šahr ramaḍān.
    Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan.
    Antonym: فطر (fiṭir, to break one's fast)

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of صام (ṣām)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m صمت (ṣumt) صمت (ṣumt) صام (ṣām) صمنا (ṣumna) صمتوا (ṣumtu) صاموا (ṣāmu)
f صمتي (ṣumti) صامت (ṣāmat)
non-past m أصوم (ʔaṣūm) تصوم (tiṣūm) يصوم (yiṣūm) نصوم (niṣūm) تصوموا (tiṣūmu) يصوموا (yiṣūmu)
f تصومي (tiṣūmi) تصوم (tiṣūm)
imperative m صوم (ṣūm) صوموا (ṣūmu)
f صومي (ṣūmi)

South Levantine Arabic

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Root
ص و م
3 terms

Etymology

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From Arabic صَامَ (ṣāma).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sˤaːm/, [sˤɑːm]
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Verb

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صام (ṣām) I (present بصوم (biṣūm), active participle صايم (ṣāyem))

  1. to fast
    المسلمين بصومو في شهر رمضان.
    il-muslimīn biṣūmu fi šahr ramaḍān.
    Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan.

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of صام (ṣām)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m صمت (ṣumt) صمت (ṣumt) صام (ṣām) صمنا (ṣumna) صمتو (ṣumtu) صامو (ṣāmu)
f صمتي (ṣumti) صامت (ṣāmat)
present m بصوم (baṣūm) بتصوم (bitṣūm) بصوم (biṣūm) منصوم (minṣūm) بتصومو (bitṣūmu) بيصومو (biṣūmu)
f بتصومي (bitṣūmi) بتصوم (bitṣūm)
subjunctive m اصوم (aṣūm) تصوم (tṣūm) يصوم (yṣūm) نصوم (nṣūm) تصومو (tṣūmu) يصومو (yṣūmu)
f تصومي (tṣūmi) تصوم (tṣūm)
imperative m صوم (ṣūm) صومو (ṣūmu)
f صومي (ṣūmi)