کشور
Mazanderani
editNoun
editکشور (transliteration needed)
Pashto
editNoun
editکشور • (kišwár) m
Declension
editReferences
edit- “کشور”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
- Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “کشور”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press
Persian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭥𐭥 (kišvar), from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀 (karšvar, “realm, region; one of the seven realms of the world”), from the root 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀 (karš-, “to plough”) (the same root as کشیدن (kašidan, “to pull, draw, stretch”), hence "a tract of land bordered by a ploughed line".
The term, a Middle Persian ecclesiastical borrowing from Avestan, originally referred to the "seven realms of the (known) world" to the ancient Iranic people, which was virtually only the ancient Indo-Iranian world of Inner Asia. With the expansion of knowledge of the world during the Middle Iranian era, the term expanded to refer to more broader regions. With the secularization of the term following the rise of Islam in Persia, it came to refer to realms, countries, or territories more generally.
Compare Central Kurdish کیشوهر (kîşwer, “continent”), Sogdian 𐫐𐫏𐫢𐫛 (kyšp /kišp/, “country”), and Parthian [script needed] (kišfar).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [kiʃ.ˈwaɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰʲeʃ.vǽɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰiʃ.vǽɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | kišwar |
Dari reading? | kišwar |
Iranian reading? | kešvar |
Tajik reading? | kišvar |
Noun
editDari | کشور |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | кишвар |
کِشْوَر • (kešvar) (plural کشورها (kešvar-hâ))
Inflection
editBasic forms of کشور (kešvar) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
bare | کشور (kešvar) |
کشورها (kešvar-hấ) کشورا △ (kešvarấ) |
definitive direct object | کشور را (kešvar râ) کشور رو △ (kešvaro) |
کشورها را (kešvar-hấ râ) کشورا رو △ (kešvarấ ro) |
ezâfe | کشور (kešvar-e) |
کشورهای (kešvar-hấ-ye) کشورای △ (kešvarấ-ye) |
marked indefinite or relative definite |
کشوری (kešvar-i) |
کشورهایی (kešvarấn-i, kešvar-hấ-i) کشورایی △ (kešvarấi) |
△ Colloquial. |
Derived terms
edit- هفت کشور (haft-kešvar, “the seven realms”)
Urdu
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Classical Persian کشور (kišwar, “realm, region; country; kingdom, territory; clime”).
Cognate Pashto کشور (kišwár), Central Kurdish کیشوهر (kîşwer, “continent”), and Sogdian [script needed] (kyšp /kišp/, “country”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kɪʃ.ʋəɾ/
Noun
editکِشْوَر • (kiśvar) m (Hindi spelling किशवर)
Declension
editDeclension of کشور | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | کشور (kiśvar) | کشور (kiśvar) |
oblique | کشور (kiśvar) | کشوروں (kiśvarō̃) |
vocative | کشور (kiśvar) | کشورو (kiśvarō) |
Derived terms
edit- ہَفت کِشوَر (haft-kišvar, “the seven realms; the world”)
- کِشْوَر آرا (kiśvar ārā)
- کِشْوَر سِتاں (kišvar-sitā)
- کِشْوَر سِتانی (kišvar-sitānī)
- کِشْوَر کُشا (kišvar-kušā, “conqueor”)
- کِشْوَر کُشائی (kišvar-kušā'ī, “conquest”)
- کِشْوَر گِیر (kišvar-gīr)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kɪ.ʃoːɾ/
Noun
editکِشور • (kiśor) m (Hindi spelling किशोर)
Declension
editDeclension of کشور | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | کشور (kiśor) | کشور (kiśor) |
oblique | کشور (kiśor) | کشوروں (kiśorō̃) |
vocative | کشور (kiśor) | کشورو (kiśorō) |
Related terms
editEtymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kʃɔːɾ/
Noun
editکْشور • (kśor) m (Hindi spelling क्षौर)
Related terms
edit- Mazanderani lemmas
- Mazanderani nouns
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto nouns
- Pashto masculine nouns
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms borrowed from Avestan
- Persian terms derived from Avestan
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- ur:Law
- ur:Male