minor
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.
PronunciationEdit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈmaɪ.nəɹ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈmʌɪnə/
Audio (GA) (file) - Homophones: miner, mynah (non-rhotic accents)
- Rhymes: -aɪnə(ɹ)
AdjectiveEdit
minor (comparative more minor, superlative most minor)
- Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:
- of minor importance
- a minor poet
- 1551, Thomas Wilson, The Rule of Reason..., sig. F8:
- Here we se thre proposicions, or sentences, whereof the first is called Maior, that is to saie, the proposicion at large. the seconde is called Minor, that is to saie, the seuerall proposicion. the thirde is called conclusio.
- 1819 January 2, John Keats, letter:
- It is my intention to wait a few years before I publish any minor poems.
- 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page viii:
- There is now such an immense "microliterature" on hepatics that, beyond a certain point I have given up trying to integrate (and evaluate) every minor paper published—especially narrowly floristic papers.
- (law) Underage, not having reached legal majority.
- The defendant resides at 123 Fake Street with his partner and two minor children.
- (medicine, sometimes figurative) Not serious, not involving risk of death, permanent injury, dangerous surgery, or extended hospitalization.
- 1899 October, Edward Pollock Anshutz, Homoepathic Envoy, Vol. 10, No. 8, p. 58:
- We now know on authority of Dr. Briggs that every case of vaccination is "a minor case of smallpox," and that every such case of smallpox "should be carefully watched until all danger is passed".
- She suffered a minor injury.
- There was minor bruising.
- He has a minor case of puppy love.
- 1899 October, Edward Pollock Anshutz, Homoepathic Envoy, Vol. 10, No. 8, p. 58:
- (music) Smaller by a diatonic semitone than the equivalent major interval.
- 1653, Rene Descartes, Lord Brouncker, transl., Excellent Compendium of Musick, page 30:
- ...a certaine Fraction, which may be the difference betwixt a Tone major and a Tone minor, which we nominate a Schism...
- The musical interval between C and E♭ is a minor third while C to E is a major third.
- (music) Incorporating a minor third interval above the (in scales) tonic or (in chords) root note, (also figurative) tending to produce a dark, discordant, sad, or pensive effect.
- 1772, William Jones, “On the Arts, Commonly Called Imitative”, in Poems..., page 209:
- The minor mode of D is tender.
- 1843 March, United States Magazine & Democratic Review, page 273:
- The first chorus: ‘Behold the Lamb of God’, with its dark minor chords, brings threatening clouds over us.
- 1880, Edmund Gurney, The Power of Sound, page 271:
- Modern harmonists are unwilling to acknowledge that the minor triad is less consonant than the major.
- 1948 November, J.M. Barbour, “Music and Ternary Continued Fractions”, in American Mathematical Monthly, volume 55, number 9, page 545:
- After harmony was introduced into music during the late Middle Ages, major and minor triads emerged as the principal chords. The major triad, as C E G, was regarded with especial favor, because it occurs naturally in the harmonic series, as on bugles, and can be expressed by the simple ratios, 4:5:6. A system of tuning for the diatonic scale known today as just intonation gained support in the 16th century, because its principal triads, C E G, F A C, and G B D, had these just ratios. But an important minor triad, D F A, is harsh in just intonation, and other unsatisfactory triads result when this tuning is extended to the complete chromatic scale.
- 1951, Carson McCullers, “The Sojourner”, in O. Henry Prize Stories of 1951, page 200:
- The first voice of the fugue that Elizabeth had played... came to him, inverted mockingly and in a minor key.
- 1984, Christopher Guest & al, This Is Spin̈al Tap:
- Tufnel: It's part of a trilogy, really, a musical trilogy that I'm doing in D... minor which I always find is really the saddest of all keys, really. I don't know why but it makes people weep instantly to play it... This piece is called "Lick My Love Pump".
- 1995 October 23, John Walsh, “The Pragmatic Entertainer Who Said the Unsayable”, in The Independent, page 3:
- Beethoven's melancholy Moonlight Sonata is scored in the key of C# minor, using the diatonic scale C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, A, and B, but modulates throughout.
- (Canada, US, education) Of or related to a minor, a secondary area of undergraduate study.
- The minor requirements only involve about 20 hours of classes.
- (mathematics) Of or related to a minor, a determinate obtained by deleting one or more rows and columns from a matrix.
- (logic) Acting as the subject of the second premise of a categorical syllogism, which then also acts as the subject of its conclusion.
- The minor term of John Stuart Mill's famous syllogism—usually mistakenly credited to Aristotle—is Socrates; the major term is mortal.
- (UK, dated) The younger of two pupils with the same surname.
- c. 1593, Henry Chettle, Kind-harts Dreame, sig. C2:
- 1978, John Innes Mackintosh Stewart, Full Term, page 250:
- Espionage... was a field that had sophisticated itself since the distant time when Patullo Minor... had enthralled his school-fellows with his hazardous escapades.
- (music, historical) Of or related to the relationship between the longa and the breve in a score.
- 1779, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, William Waring, transl., Complete Dictionary of Music, page 243:
- (music, historical) Having semibreves twice as long as a minim.
- 1969, Arthur Mendel, "Some Preliminary Attempts at Computer-Assisted Style Analysis in Music", Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 45:
- Josquin works in minor prolation—that is, works in which the signature indicates that a semibreve is equal to two minims, often have a 3 as a medial signature for a few measures, indicating that until the 3 is canceled by the reappearance of a sign for minor prolation, there are to be 3 minims to a semibreve.
- 1969, Arthur Mendel, "Some Preliminary Attempts at Computer-Assisted Style Analysis in Music", Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 45:
- (politics, obsolete) Of or related to a minority party.
- 1642, Charles I, His Majesties Answer to a Printed Book Entituled A Remonstrance..., page 13:
- ...that the Minor part of the Lords might joyn with the Major part of the House of Commons...
- 1796 December 27, Thomas Jefferson, letter:
- In every other, the minor will be preferred by me to the major vote.
Usage notesEdit
In music and some educated contexts (particularly in borrowings directly from Latin), used as a postpositive: E minor, Friars Minor, Rayburn Minor.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
- (most senses): major
- (legally underage): grown, adult, mature, of age
- (medically unthreatening): serious, grave, severe, dangerous, fatal, life-threatening, acute (informal)
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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NounEdit
minor (plural minors)
- (law) A child, a person who has not reached the age of majority, consent, etc. and is legally subject to fewer responsibilities and less accountability and entitled to fewer legal rights and privileges.
- 1612, John Davies, A Discouerie of the True Causes Why Ireland Was Neuer Entirely Subdued..., page 88:
- King Richard the second... for the first tenne yeares of his raigne, was a Minor.
- No, he can't get a mortgage or sell the house. He's still a minor. For the most part, he can't sign a legally binding contract.
- A lesser person or thing, a person, group, or thing of minor rank or in the minor leagues.
- 1821, Pierce Egan, Real Life in London..., volume I, page 92:
- Mr Gloss'em, who is a shining character in the theatrical world, at least among the minors of the metropolis.
- He plays in the minors.
- She hasn't won a minor since the Sichuan Open.
- The play is considered one of his minors.
- (music) Ellipsis of minor interval, scale, mode, key, chord, triad, etc.
- (Canada, US, education) A formally recognized secondary area of undergraduate study, requiring fewer course credits than the equivalent major.
- I got a minor in English Lit.
- (Canada, US, education, uncommon) A person who is completing or has completed such a course of study.
- I became an English minor.
- (mathematics) A determinant of a square matrix obtained by deleting one or more rows and columns.
- 1850, James Joseph Sylvester, London, Edinburgh, & Dublin Philosophical Magazine..., volume 37, page 366:
- ...the whole of a system of rth minors being zero...
- 1986, C.W. Norman, Undergraduate Algebra, page 315:
- Let A be a non-zero matrix of rank r over a field. Then A has a non-zero r-minor and all s-minors of A are zero for s > r.
- (Catholicism) Alternative letter-case form of Minor: a Franciscan friar, a Clarist nun.
- (logic) Ellipsis of minor term or minor premise.
- c. 1450, Anonymous, "The Clergy May Not Hold Property", p. 31:
- And so musten oure clerkis argue whan þai aleggen for her lordeschip þe lyuynge of her patrons & sayntis, & sayen þus: "Seynt thomas & seynt hwe & seynt Swiþune wer þus lordis, & in þis þai suyd cristis lyuynge & his lore; þerfor we may lefulli be þus lordis." And I wote wel þat gabriel schal blow his horne or þai han preuyd þe mynor; þat is, þat þes seyntes or patrons in þis suyden þe lore or þe life of ihesu criste.
- c. 1450, Anonymous, "The Clergy May Not Hold Property", p. 31:
- (baseball) Ellipsis of minor league: the lower level of teams.
- 1890 July 31, Sporting Life, Philadelphia, p. 1:
- It is certain that the major leagues must depend upon the minors for their recruits.
- 1890 July 31, Sporting Life, Philadelphia, p. 1:
- (ice hockey) Ellipsis of minor penalty: a penalty requiring a player to leave the ice for 2 minutes unless the opposing team scores.
- 1924 December 30, Gazette, Montreal, page 14:
- Penalties... First Period... all minors.
- (Australian football) Synonym of behind: a one-point kick.
- 1903 May 16, Sporting News, Tasmania, page 4:
- Brown from a mark on the magazine wing put up the first minor.
- (rugby, historical) Ellipsis of minor point: a lesser score formerly gained by certain actions.
- 1883 February 5, York Herald, page 8:
- At half-time the score was—one goal, three tries, and four minors.
- (bridge) Ellipsis of minor suit; a card of a minor suit.
- 1927, Milton Cooper Work, Contract Bridge, page 11:
- Many find it easier to remember 20 for Minors, 30 for Majors and 35 for No Trump.
- (entomology) Any of various noctuid moths in Europe and Asia, chiefly in the Oligia and Mesoligia genera.
- (entomology) A leaf-cutter worker ant intermediate in size between a minim and a media.
- (campanology) Changes rung on six bells.
- (Scotland law, obsolete) An adolescent, a person above the legal age of puberty but below the age of majority.
- (mathematics, rare, obsolete) Synonym of subtrahend, the amount subtracted from a number.
- (UK, rare, obsolete) The younger brother of a pupil.
- 1864, Eton School Days, page 82:
- Let my minor pass, you fellows!... Here, Chudleigh, just make room there.
Coordinate termsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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VerbEdit
minor (third-person singular simple present minors, present participle minoring, simple past and past participle minored) (intransitive)
- Used in a phrasal verb: minor in.
TranslationsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “minor, adj. and n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2022.
- “minor”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “minor”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- Minor in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
AnagramsEdit
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
minor
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “minor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
InterlinguaEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
minor (not comparable)
AdjectiveEdit
le minor
SynonymsEdit
- (smallest): minime
ItalianEdit
AdjectiveEdit
minor (apocopated)
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Italic *minwōs, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small, little”). Doublet of minuō.
AdjectiveEdit
minor (neuter minus, positive parvus); third declension
- comparative degree of parvus:
- less, lesser, inferior, smaller
- Caesar, de Bello Gallico VII, 16:
- Vercingetorix minoribus Caesarem itineribus subsequitur
- Vercingetorix follows Caesar by shorter marches
- Vercingetorix minoribus Caesarem itineribus subsequitur
- cheaper
- younger
- less, lesser, inferior, smaller
InflectionEdit
Third-declension comparative adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | minor | minus | minōrēs | minōra | |
Genitive | minōris | minōrum | |||
Dative | minōrī | minōribus | |||
Accusative | minōrem | minus | minōrēs | minōra | |
Ablative | minōre | minōribus | |||
Vocative | minor | minus | minōrēs | minōra |
AntonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Catalan: menor, menys
- English: minor, minus
- French: mineur, moindre, moins
- Friulian: minôr
- Galician: menor
- Italian: minore, meno
- Ladin: mendr, mender
- Occitan: menor, mendre, mens
- Portuguese: menor, menos
- Romanian: minor, minus
- Romansch: mender
- Sardinian: minore
- Sicilian: minuri
- Spanish: menor, menos
NounEdit
minor m (genitive minōris); third declension
- subordinate, minor, inferior in rank
- person under age (e.g. 25 years old), minor
- (poetic, in the plural) children; descendants, posterity
- (poetic, in the plural) children; descendants, posterity
InflectionEdit
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | minor | minōrēs |
Genitive | minōris | minōrum |
Dative | minōrī | minōribus |
Accusative | minōrem | minōrēs |
Ablative | minōre | minōribus |
Vocative | minor | minōrēs |
Etymology 2Edit
From minae (“threats, menaces”) + -ō (verbal suffix). Doublet of minō.
Alternative formsEdit
VerbEdit
minor (present infinitive minārī, perfect active minātus sum); first conjugation, deponent
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of minor (first conjugation, deponent) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | minor | mināris, mināre |
minātur | mināmur | mināminī | minantur |
imperfect | minābar | minābāris, minābāre |
minābātur | minābāmur | minābāminī | minābantur | |
future | minābor | mināberis, minābere |
minābitur | minābimur | minābiminī | minābuntur | |
perfect | minātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | minātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | minātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | miner | minēris, minēre |
minētur | minēmur | minēminī | minentur |
imperfect | minārer | minārēris, minārēre |
minārētur | minārēmur | minārēminī | minārentur | |
perfect | minātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | minātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | mināre | — | — | mināminī | — |
future | — | minātor | minātor | — | — | minantor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | minārī | minātum esse | minātūrum esse | — | — | — | |
participles | mināns | minātus | minātūrus | — | — | minandus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
minandī | minandō | minandum | minandō | minātum | minātū |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- (adjective) “minor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- (verb) “minor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “minor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- minor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- minor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be not yet twenty: minorem esse viginti annis
- to be indisposed: leviter aegrotare, minus valere
- to be not yet twenty: minorem esse viginti annis
- “minor”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “minor”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French mineur, from Latin minor.
AdjectiveEdit
minor m or n (feminine singular minoră, masculine plural minori, feminine and neuter plural minore)
DeclensionEdit
SwedishEdit
NounEdit
minor
- indefinite plural of mina.