realm

English edit

WOTD – 11 September 2008

English Wikipedia has an article on:

realm

Etymology edit

From Middle English rewme, realme, reaume, from Old French reaume, realme (“kingdom”), of unclear origins. A postulated *rēgālimen (“domain, kingdom”), Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cross of regimen with rēgālis is usually cited.

Pronunciation edit

(UK, US) enPR: rĕlm, IPA^(key): /ɹɛlm/
Audio (US) (file)
Audio (AU) (file)
Rhymes: -ɛlm

Noun edit

realm (plural realms)

An abstract sphere of influence, real or imagined.
- 1907, Tada Kanai, “The World and How to Pass Through It”, in Arthur Lloyd, transl., Seven Buddhist Sermons:
  Why should we despise anything in the realm of Buddha?
- 2006 November 22, Christian Neef, “Diary of a Collapsing Superpower”, in Spiegel Magazine:
  At home in Moscow, Mikhail Sergeyevitch Gorbachev, who had launched a campaign to rejuvenate the Soviet realm […]
- 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎^[1], volume 188, number 23, page 19:
  In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
The domain of a certain abstraction.
- 1922, Judson Eber Conant, “Truth Must be Classified Scientifically”, in The Church The Schools and Evolution:
  One thing more which the scientific man does is to accord primacy to that realm of truth which is primary in importance.
(computing) A scope of operation in networking or security.
(formal or law) A territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.
- 1874, Horatio Alger, “Chapter XXXI”, in Brave and Bold:
  And, of this island realm, he and his companion were the undisputed sovereigns.
- 1913, Leslie Alexander Toke, Catholic Encyclopedia, "St. Dunstan",
  Then seeing his life was threatened he fled the realm and crossed over to Flanders, […]
(fantasy, roleplaying games) An otherworldly dimension or domain — magical, ethereal, or otherwise — usually ruled or created by a mystical character.
(virology, taxonomy) A taxonomic rank in the phylogeny of viruses, higher than kingdoms.

Synonyms edit

(a territory or state): country, land, kingdom
(a sphere of activity or influence): field, province

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

sphere of influence

Arabic: حَيِّز m (ḥayyiz)
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ f
Basque: alor, arlo
Brunei Malay: alam
Bulgarian: сфера на действие (sfera na dejstvie), област (bg) f (oblast)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 域 (zh) (yù)
Danish: sfære c
Dutch: sfeer (nl) m, rijk (nl) n, wereld (nl) m
Finnish: vaikutuspiiri
Galician: ámbito m
Georgian: სფერო (spero), სამფლობელო (samplobelo)
Greek: σφαίρα (el) f (sfaíra)
Hebrew: תחום (he) m (tkhum)
Icelandic: ríki (is) n, veldi (is) n
Indonesian: alam (id)
Italian: reame (it) m, regno (it) m, dominio (it) f, sfera (it) f, ambito (it)
Kazakh: аймақ (kk) (aimaq)
Macedonian: област f (oblast), сфера f (sfera)
Malay: alam (ms)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: sfære m, rike (no) n

Nynorsk: sfære m, rike n
Polish: sfera (pl) f
Portuguese: domínio (pt) m, campo (pt) m, reino (pt) m, âmbito (pt) m
Russian: о́бласть (ru) f (óblastʹ), сфе́ра (ru) f (sféra)
Spanish: esfera (es) f
Swedish: sfär (sv) c
Ukrainian: о́бласть (uk) (óblastʹ), сфе́ра (sféra)
Welsh: cyfoeth m, cyfoethau m pl

domain of an abstraction

Arabic: please add this translation if you can
Catalan: domini (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: please add this translation if you can
Dutch: domein (nl), rijk (nl) n
Finnish: piiri (fi), alue (fi)
French: domaine (fr) m
Georgian: სამფლობელო (samplobelo)
Indonesian: ranah (id)
Italian: dominio (it)
Macedonian: домен m (domen)
Polish: domena (pl) f
Russian: please add this translation if you can

territory or state

Arabic: please add this translation if you can
Armenian: թագավորություն (hy) (tʻagavorutʻyun)
Basque: erresuma, erreinu
Bulgarian: царство (bg) n (carstvo)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 王国 (zh) (wángguó)
Czech: říše (cs) f
Danish: rige n
Dutch: rijk (nl) n, koninkrijk (nl) n
Egyptian:

(tꜣ)
Esperanto: regno (eo)
Finnish: valtakunta (fi), kuningaskunta (fi)
French: royaume (fr) m
Galician: reino (gl) m
Georgian: სამეფო (samepo), სამფლობელო (samplobelo)
German: Reich (de) n, Königreich (de) n, Kaiserreich (de) n
Greek: βασίλειο (el) n (vasíleio), κράτος (el) n (krátos)
Hebrew: ממלכה (he) f (mamlakha)
Hungarian: birodalom (hu)
Icelandic: ríki (is) n
Irish: flaitheas m
Italian: reame (it) m, regno (it) m
Japanese: 王国 (ja) (おうこく, ōkoku)
Kazakh: әмірлік (ämırlık), корольдік (koroldık), патшалық (patşalyq)
Latin: rēgnum (la) n
Macedonian: кралство n (kralstvo), царство n (carstvo)
Maori: rangatiratanga (mi)
Middle English: seignurie
Mongolian: вант улс (vant uls)
Nahuatl: hueyitlahtohcayotl
Northern Sami: riika
Norwegian:
Bokmål: rike (no) n

Nynorsk: rike n
Old English: rīċe n, cynedōm m
Old Prussian: rīki
Polish: królestwo (pl) n
Portuguese: reino (pt) m
Russian: короле́вство (ru) n (korolévstvo), ца́рство (ru) n (cárstvo)
Spanish: reino (es) m
Swedish: rike (sv) n
Telugu: రాజ్యం (te) (rājyaṁ)
Ukrainian: королі́вство (uk) (korolívstvo), ца́рство (uk) (cárstvo)
Welsh: cyfoeth m, cyfoethau m pl

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Albanian: ^{(please verify)} shtet (sq)
Korean: ^{(please verify)} 영역 (ko) (yeong'yeok)
Macedonian: ^{(please verify)} кралство (kralstvo)
Mandarin: ^{(please verify)} 領土／领土 (zh) (lǐngtǔ), ^{(please verify)} 领土 (zh) (lǐngtǔ)

Anagrams edit

Maler, Lamer, meral, Lemar, lamer, Armel, maerl, Almer, maler, marle, Lerma