مسمار

Arabic

Etymology

Compare Akkadian samrūtum (“nail (of copper)”)

Borrowed from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār), מַסְמְרָא (masmərā, “pin, nail”).

Cognate with Hebrew מסמר (masmér).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mis.maːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /mus.maːr/, [mʊs.maːr]

Noun

مِسْمَار • (mismār) m (plural مَسَامِير (masāmīr))

1. nail, pin, peg, wedge, bolt, even a screw
2. vine pole
3. forked tentpole
4. as مِسْمَار اللَّحْم (mismār al-llaḥm) or مِسْمَار القَدَم (mismār al-qadam): callus

   Synonym: جُسْأَة (jusʔa)

5. (obsolete) staphyloma
   • a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 753 Nr. 588 fol. 53r,4–8:

     الموسرج هو ما نتأ من الطبقة العنبية إذا انحرقت القرنية من كتاب العلل والأعراض الجالينوس، قال الرازي في الكافي: إذا كان صغيرًا فهو موسرج، وإذا كان كبيرًا فهو مسمار.

     †Mūsaraj† (recte: mūrsaraj leg., lit. ‘ant’s head’) is a protrusion of the uvea occurring because of an inflammation of the cornea according to Galen’s ‘Book on Causes and Symptoms’. Al-Rāzī said in his al-Kāfī: If (this protrusion) is small, it is called mūsaraj and if it is large it is called al-mismār (staphyloma, lit. ‘nail’).

Declension

Declension of noun مِسْمَار (mismār)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِسْمَار mismār	الْمِسْمَار al-mismār	مِسْمَار mismār
Nominative	مِسْمَارٌ mismārun	الْمِسْمَارُ al-mismāru	مِسْمَارُ mismāru
Accusative	مِسْمَارًا mismāran	الْمِسْمَارَ al-mismāra	مِسْمَارَ mismāra
Genitive	مِسْمَارٍ mismārin	الْمِسْمَارِ al-mismāri	مِسْمَارِ mismāri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِسْمَارَيْن mismārayn	الْمِسْمَارَيْن al-mismārayn	مِسْمَارَيْ mismāray
Nominative	مِسْمَارَانِ mismārāni	الْمِسْمَارَانِ al-mismārāni	مِسْمَارَا mismārā
Accusative	مِسْمَارَيْنِ mismārayni	الْمِسْمَارَيْنِ al-mismārayni	مِسْمَارَيْ mismāray
Genitive	مِسْمَارَيْنِ mismārayni	الْمِسْمَارَيْنِ al-mismārayni	مِسْمَارَيْ mismāray
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَسَامِير masāmīr	الْمَسَامِير al-masāmīr	مَسَامِير masāmīr
Nominative	مَسَامِيرُ masāmīru	الْمَسَامِيرُ al-masāmīru	مَسَامِيرُ masāmīru
Accusative	مَسَامِيرَ masāmīra	الْمَسَامِيرَ al-masāmīra	مَسَامِيرَ masāmīra
Genitive	مَسَامِيرَ masāmīra	الْمَسَامِيرِ al-masāmīri	مَسَامِيرِ masāmīri

Derived terms

• مَسْمَرَ (masmara)

Descendants

• Maltese: musmar
• → Amharic: ምስማር (məsmar)
  • → Sidamo: mismaare
• → Armenian: մսմար (msmar) (via Turkic)
• → Azerbaijani: mismar
• → Gurani: پسماری (pismārī)
• → Northern Kurdish: bizmar
• → Old Georgian: მუსმარი (musmari)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مسمار (mismar)
  • Turkish: mismar
• → Swahili: msumari

References

• “msmr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 89
• Haupt, Paul (1917) “The Disease of King Teumman of Elam”, in Journal of the Society of Oriental Research‎^[1], volume 1, page 90, derives the Aramaic and Hebrew from Assyrian Akkadian with s₁ as first radical, but a corresponding Akkadian term seems still not attested
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مسمار”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “مسمار”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 597

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِسْمَار (mismār, “nail”), itself from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār).

Noun

مسمار • (mismar) (plural مسامیر (mesamir))

1. nail, a spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials

   Synonyms: چیوی (çivi), میخ (mıh)

Derived terms

• مسمارلامق (mismarlamak, “to nail”)
• مسمارلو (mismarlı, “nailed, studded”)
• مسماری (mismari, “of the shape of a nail”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: mismar

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “mismar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3240
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “mismâr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[4] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 780
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مسمار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1168
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Clavus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[6], Vienna, column 190
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “مسمار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[7], Vienna, column 4657
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “مسمار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1857

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic مِسْمَار (mismār). Ultimately borrowed from Aramaic מַסְמָר (masmār), מַסְמְרָא (masmərā, “pin, nail”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mus.maːr/, [mʊsˈmɑːrˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

مسمار • (musmār) m (plural مسامير (masāmīr))

1. nail (for carpentry)