پیشوا

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian پیشوا (pišvâ).

Noun

پیشوا • (pişüva, pişiva)

1. one who is a model, someone whom others follow or imitate, guide, exemplar, initiator, instructor

   Synonyms: امام (imam), مرشد (mürşid), قلاغوز (kılağuz, kılavuz, kulağuz, kulavuz)

2. superior, boss, leader, chief, head

   Synonyms: رییس (reis), باش (baş), قلاغوز (kılağuz, kılavuz, kulağuz, kulavuz), مدیر (müdir, müdür)

Descendants

• Turkish: pişüva, pişiva (archaic)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (pyšʾwpʾd /⁠pēšōbāy⁠/, “leader, vanguard”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [peːʃ.ˈwɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰeːʃ.wɑ́ː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰeːʃ.wɑ́ː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰeːʃ.wɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰeːʃ.wɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰiːʃ.vɒ́ː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰeʃ.vɔ́]

Readings
Classical reading?	pēšwā
Dari reading?	pēšwā
Iranian reading?	pišvâ
Tajik reading?	pešvo

Noun

Dari	پیشوا
Iranian Persian
Tajik	пешво

پیشوا • (pišvâ)

1. one who is a model, someone whom others follow or imitate, guide, exemplar, initiator, instructor

   Synonyms: امام (emâm), مرشد (moršed), رهبر (rahbar), دلیل (dalil)

   • c. '1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3809:

     ور کشم باری بدانم تا کجا
     ماهم و خورشید پیشم پیشوا

     waz kašam bar-ē bi-dānam tā kujā
     māh-am u xwarshēd pīš-am pēšwā

     And if I am dragging a burden, I know whither:
     I am the moon, and the Sun is in front of me as the guide.

2. superior, boss, leader, chief, head

   Synonyms: لیدر (lider), مدیر (modir)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: pişva
• → Bengali: পেশওয়া (peśōẇa)
• → Gujarati: પેશવા (peśvā)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: पेशवा (peśvā)

  Urdu: پیشوا (peśvā)

  • → English: peshwa
• → Kannada: ಪೇಷ್ವೆ (pēṣve)
• → Malayalam: പേഷ്വ (pēṣva)
• → Marathi: पेशवा (peśvā)
• → Ottoman Turkish: پیشوا (pişüva, pişiva)
  • Turkish: pişüva, pişiva (archaic)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਪੇਸ਼ਵਾ (peśvā)

  Shahmukhi script: پیشوا (peśoā)

• → Tamil: பேஷ்வா (pēṣvā)
• → Telugu: పీష్వా (pīṣvā)

Proper noun

پیشوا • (pišvâ)

1. A city, the county seat of Pishva County, Iran.

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “پیشوا”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1855) “پیشوا”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 399b
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “pēšōbāy”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 68