উপ-

Bengali

Etymology

From Sanskrit उप- (upa-), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, below”).

Pronunciation

• (Rarh) IPA^(key): /upo/, [ˈupoˑ]

• (Dhaka) IPA^(key): /upo/, [ˈupoˑ]

Prefix

উপ- • (upo-)

1. under, below, subordinate, deputy; sub-, under-, vice-

   ‎উপ- (up-) + ‎জেলা (jela, “district”) → ‎উপজেলা (upojela, “subdistrict, upazila”)

   ‎উপ- (up-) + ‎পরিচালক (poricalok, “director”) → ‎উপপরিচালক (upoporicalok, “vice-director”)

2. lesser, near, like, proximate

   ‎উপ- (up-) + ‎সাগর (śagor, “sea”) → ‎উপসাগর (upośagor, “bay, gulf”)

   ‎উপ- (up-) + ‎জাতি (jati, “nation”) → ‎উপজাতি (upojati, “tribe”)

   ‎উপ- (up-) + ‎গ্রহ (groho, “planet”) → ‎উপগ্রহ (upogroho, “satellite”)

Usage notes

Definitions 4–7 are used exclusively with nouns.

Occasionally used with an implied verb, or placed after the verb rather than prefixing it.

Derived terms

Bengali terms prefixed with উপ-

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “উপ-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0194, 0195.