पद्

See also: पद and पाद

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পদ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
• পদ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ပဒ် (Burmese script)
• પદ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಪದ್ (Kannada script)
• បទ៑ (Khmer script)
• ປທ຺ (Lao script)
• പദ് (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
• ପଦ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
• පද් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
• பத்³ (Tamil script)
• పద్ (Telugu script)
• ปทฺ (Thai script)
• པ་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́d/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐd̪/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts (“foot”), from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬛 (pad), Hittite 𒉺𒋫 (pa-ta), Ancient Greek πούς (poús), Latin pēs, Persian پا (pâ), Old Armenian ոտն (otn), German Fuß, Old English fōt (whence English foot).

Noun

पद् • (pád) stem, m

1. a foot
2. step
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.154.5:

     तद॑स्य प्रि॒यम॒भि पाथो॑ अश्यां॒ नरो॒ यत्र॑ देव॒यवो॒ मद॑न्ति ।
     उ॒रु॒क्र॒मस्य॒ स हि बन्धु॑रि॒त्था विष्णोः॑ प॒दे प॑र॒मे मध्व॒ उत्सः॑ ॥

     tádasya priyámabhí pā́tho aśyāṃ náro yátra devayávo mádanti.
     urukramásya sá hí bándhuritthā́ víṣṇoḥ padé paramé mádhva útsaḥ.

     Might I reach that dear cattle-pen of his, where men seeking the gods find elation, for exactly that is the bond to the wide-striding one: the wellspring of mead in the highest step of Viṣṇu.

3. fourth part, quarter

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of पद्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पात् (pā́t)	पादौ (pā́dau) पादा¹ (pā́dā¹)	पादः (pā́daḥ)
vocative	पात् (pā́t)	पादौ (pā́dau) पादा¹ (pā́dā¹)	पादः (pā́daḥ)
accusative	पादम् (pā́dam)	पादौ (pā́dau) पादा¹ (pā́dā¹)	पदः (padáḥ)
instrumental	पदा (padā́)	पद्भ्याम् (padbhyā́m) पड्भ्याम् (paḍbhyā́m)	पद्भिः (padbhíḥ) पड्भिः (paḍbhíḥ)
dative	पदे (padé)	पद्भ्याम् (padbhyā́m) पड्भ्याम् (paḍbhyā́m)	पद्भ्यः (padbhyáḥ) पड्भ्यः (paḍbhyáḥ)
ablative	पदः (padáḥ)	पद्भ्याम् (padbhyā́m) पड्भ्याम् (paḍbhyā́m)	पद्भ्यः (padbhyáḥ) पड्भ्यः (paḍbhyáḥ)
genitive	पदः (padáḥ)	पदोः (padóḥ)	पदाम् (padā́m)
locative	पदि (padí)	पदोः (padóḥ)	पत्सु (patsú)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Bengali: পা (pa)
  • Early Assamese: পাৱ (pawo)
    • Assamese: পা (pa), পাও (paü)
  • Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠅ (fao)
• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: پۆد (pod, “foot, position”)
• Hindi: पांव (pāmv)
• Marathi: पाय (pāy)
• Pali: pada, pāda
• Urdu: پاؤں (pā̃v)
• → Tamil: பாதம் (pātam)
• → Telugu: పదము (padamu)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pád-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pád (“to move, go”), from the same ultimate origin as Etymology 1, perhaps with semantic influence from the root underlying पत् (pat, “to fall”).

Root

पद् • (pad)

1. to fall, fall down or out, perish
2. to go, resort or apply to, participate in, keep, observe

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root पद् (0 c, 7 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root पद् (7 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

• पद्यते (pádyate) (Present)
• पद्यति (padyati) (Present)
• पत्स्यति (patsyáti) (Future)
• पत्ता (pattā́) (Periphrastic Future)
• अपत्त (ápatta) (Aorist)
• पदीष्ट (padīṣṭá) (Benedictive)
• पपाद (papā́da) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• अपादि (ápādi) (Passive Aorist)
• पादयति (pādáyati) (Causative)
• अपीपदत् (ápīpadat) (Causative Aorist)
• पाद्यते (pādyate) (Passive of Causative)
• पित्सति (pitsati) (Desiderative)
• पिपादयिषति (pipādayiṣati) (Desiderative of Causative)
• पनीपद्यते (panīpadyate) (Intensive)
• पनीपदीति (panīpadīti) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• पन्न (panná) (Past Participle)
• पत्तुम् (páttum) (Infinitive)
• पत्तवे (páttave) (Infinitive)
• पत्तोस् (páttos) (Infinitive)
• पदस् (pádas) (Infinitive)
• पद्य (pádya) (Gerund)
• पादम् (pā́dam) (Gerund)
• पत्तव्य (pattavya) (Gerundive)
• पाद्य (pādya) (Gerundive)
• पित्सु (pitsu) (Desiderative Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

• पत्ति (pattí)
• पद् (pád)
• पद (padá)
• पाद (pādá)
• पादिन् (pādin)

Prefixed Root Forms

• अतिपद् (atipad)
• अनुपद् (anupad)
• अपपद् (apapad)
• अपिपद् (apipad)
• अभिपद् (abhipad)
• अवपद् (avapad)
• आपद् (āpad)
• उत्पद् (utpad)
• उपपद् (upapad)
• निपद् (nipad)
• निष्पद् (niṣpad)
• प्रतिपद् (pratipad)
• प्रपद् (prapad)
• विपद् (vipad)
• सम्पद् (sampad)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 582/3, 583/1.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 94