पद

Devanagari script form of pada (“foot”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[1] (in Pali), page 250; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
  अथ सब्बासं विभत्तीनं यानि यानि पुब्बानि छ पदानि तानि तानि परस्सपदसञ्ञानि होन्ति।
  Atha sabbāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ yāni yāni pubbāni cha padāni, tāni tāni parassapadasaññāni honti.
  Then whatever are the first six endings of all the endings, they are called the active endings.

DeclensionEdit

Declension table of "पद" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	पदं (padaṃ)	पदानि (padāni) or पदा (padā)
Accusative (second)	पदं (padaṃ)	पदानि (padāni)
Instrumental (third)	पदेन (padena) or पदा (padā) or पदसा (padasā)	पदेहि (padehi) or पदेभि (padebhi)
Dative (fourth)	पदस्स (padassa) or पदाय (padāya) or पदत्थं (padatthaṃ)	पदानं (padānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	पदस्मा (padasmā) or पदम्हा (padamhā) or पदा (padā)	पदेहि (padehi) or पदेभि (padebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	पदस्स (padassa)	पदानं (padānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	पदस्मिं (padasmiṃ) or पदम्हि (padamhi) or पदे (pade)	पदेसु (padesu)
Vocative (calling)	पद (pada)	पदानि (padāni)

SanskritEdit

Alternative formsEdit

Alternative scripts

ᬧᬤ (Balinese script)
পদ (Assamese script)
পদ (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀤 (Brahmi script)
𑌪𑌦 (Grantha script)
પદ (Gujarati script)
ਪਦ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦥꦢ (Javanese script)
បទ (Khmer script)
ಪದ (Kannada script)
ປທ (Lao script)
പദ (Malayalam script)
𑘢𑘟 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᢑᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᢒᠠᡩᠠ (Manchu script)
ပဒ (Burmese script)
𑧂𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐡 (Newa script)
ପଦ (Oriya script)
ꢦꢣ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆢 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖟 (Siddham script)
පද (Sinhalese script)
పద (Telugu script)
ปท (Thai script)
པ་ད (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒠 (Tirhuta script)

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *padám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *padám, from Proto-Indo-European *pedóm, originally meaning 'trace, bottom', from *ped- (“step, footprint”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “floor, ground”), Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 (pēdan, “floor, ground; place”), Old Norse fet (“step”), Old Armenian հետ (het, “footprint, track”).

PronunciationEdit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ.dɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐ.d̪ɐ/

NounEdit

पद • (padá) n (rarely m)

step, pace, stride
footstep, trace, vestige, mark; the foot itself
पदेन (padena) — on foot

पदे पदे (pade pade) — at every step, everywhere, on every occasion

त्रीणि पदानि विष्णो (trīṇi padāni viṣṇoḥ) — the three steps or footprints of Viṣṇu (i.e. the earth, the air, and the sky)

padaṃ-√dā, padāt padaṃ-√gam or √cal — to make a step move on

padaṃ-√kṛ, with locative — to set foot in or on, to enter

with मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) — to set the foot upon the head of (genitive) i.e. overcome

with चित्ते (citte) or हृदये (hṛdaye) — to take possession of any one's heart or mind

with locative or प्रति (prati) — to have dealings with

padaṃ ni-√dhā with locative — to set foot in = to make impression upon

with पदव्याम् (padavyām) — to set the foot on a person's (genitive or in the beginning of a compound) track, to emulate or equal

padam ni-√bandh with locative — to enter or engage in
- RV 1.133.2c
इमं विधन्तो अपां सधस्थे पशुं न नष्टं पदैरनु गमन |

गुहा चतन्तमुशिजो नमोभिरिछन्तो धीराभ्र्गवो.अविन्दन ||
imaṃ vidhanto apāṃ sadhasthe paśuṃ na naṣṭaṃ padairanu ghman |

ghuhā catantamuśijo namobhirichanto dhīrābhṛghavo.avindan ||
Worshipping, seeking him with adoration like some lost creature followed by its footprints,

Wise Bhrgus, yearning in their hearts, pursued him, and found him lurking where the floods are gathered.
- RV 10.46.2b
अभिव्लग्या चिदद्रिवः शीर्षा यातुमतीनाम |

छिन्धि वटूरिणा पदा महावटूरिणा पदा ||
imaṃ vidhanto apāṃ sadhasthe paśuṃ na naṣṭaṃ padairanu ghman |

chindhi vaṭūriṇā padā mahāvaṭūriṇā padā ||
O thou who castest forth the stones crushing the sorceresses' heads,

Break them with thy wide-spreading foot, with thy wide-spreading mighty foot.
sign, token, characteristic
footing, standpoint
position, rank, station, site, abode, home, place
padam ā-√tan — to spread or extend one's position

padāt padam bhrāmayitvā — having caused to wander from place to place
- RV 1.22.20a
तद विष्णोः परमं पदं सदा पश्यन्ति सूरयः |

दिवीव चक्षुराततम ||
tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ sadā paśyanti sūrayaḥ |

divīva cakṣurātatam ||
The princes evermore behold that loftiest place where Viṣṇu is,

Laid as it were an eye in heaven.
- RV 1.146.4a
धीरासः पदं कवयो नयन्ति नाना हर्दा रक्षमाणा अजुर्यम |

सिषासन्तः पर्यपश्यन्त सिन्धुमाविरेभ्यो अभवत्सूर्यो नॄ ||
dhīrāsaḥ padaṃ kavayo nayanti nānā hṛdā rakṣamāṇā ajuryam |

siṣāsantaḥ paryapaśyanta sindhumāvirebhyo abhavatsūryo nṝn ||
The prudent sages lead him to his dwelling, guarding with varied skill the Ever-Youthful.

Longing, they turned their eyes unto the River: to these the Sun of men was manifested.
- RV 1.159.3d
ते सूनवः सवपसः सुदंससो मही जज्ञुर्मातरा पूर्वचित्तय |

सथातुश्च सत्यं जगतश्च धर्मणि पुत्रस्य पाथः पदमद्वयाविनः ||
te sūnavaḥ svapasaḥ sudaṃsaso mahī jajñurmātarā pūrvacittaye |

sthātuśca satyaṃ jaghataśca dharmaṇi putrasya pāthaḥ padamadvayāvinaḥ ||
These Sons of yours well skilled in work, of wondrous power, brought forth to life the two great Mothers first of all.

To keep the truth of all that stands and all that moves, ye guard the station of your Son who knows no guile.
business affair, matter, object or cause of (genitive or compound)
pretext
part, portion, division
(chess) square on a chessboard
plot of ground
the foot as a measure of length (= 12 or 15 fingers' breadth, or 1/2 or 1/3 or 3/7 of a प्रक्रम (prakrama))
ray of light
(poetry) a portion of a verse, quarter or line of a stanza
a word or an inflected word or the stem of a noun in the middle cases and before some तद्धित (taddhita)s
= पदपाठ (pada-pāṭha)
common name of the parasmaipada and ātmanepada
any one in a set of numbers the sum of which is required
a period in an arithmetical progression
square root
quadrant
protection

DeclensionEdit

Neuter a-stem declension of पद (padá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पदम् padám	पदे padé	पदानि / पदा¹ padā́ni / padā́¹
Vocative	पद páda	पदे páde	पदानि / पदा¹ pádāni / pádā¹
Accusative	पदम् padám	पदे padé	पदानि / पदा¹ padā́ni / padā́¹
Instrumental	पदेन padéna	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदैः / पदेभिः¹ padaíḥ / padébhiḥ¹
Dative	पदाय padā́ya	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Ablative	पदात् padā́t	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Genitive	पदस्य padásya	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदानाम् padā́nām
Locative	पदे padé	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदेषु padéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine a-stem declension of पद (padá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पदः padáḥ	पदौ padaú	पदाः / पदासः¹ padā́ḥ / padā́saḥ¹
Vocative	पद páda	पदौ pádau	पदाः / पदासः¹ pádāḥ / pádāsaḥ¹
Accusative	पदम् padám	पदौ padaú	पदान् padā́n
Instrumental	पदेन padéna	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदैः / पदेभिः¹ padaíḥ / padébhiḥ¹
Dative	पदाय padā́ya	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Ablative	पदात् padā́t	पदाभ्याम् padā́bhyām	पदेभ्यः padébhyaḥ
Genitive	पदस्य padásya	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदानाम् padā́nām
Locative	पदे padé	पदयोः padáyoḥ	पदेषु padéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

DescendantsEdit

Pali: pada
→ Tamil: பாதம் (pātam), பதவி (patavi)
→ Telugu: పదము (padamu)
→ Bengali: পদ (pod)

ReferencesEdit

Monier Williams (1899), “पद”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0583.
Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma padá