Wiktionary

pes

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pes"

English

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Etymology

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From Latin pēs (“foot”). Doublet of foot, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pes (plural pedes)

  1. the foot of a human
  2. the hoof of a quadruped
  3. clubfoot or talipes
  4. (music) a neume representing two notes ascending

Synonyms

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Anagrams

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Baltic Romani

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Pronoun

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pes (reflexive, independent oblique case)

  1. (Litovska) universal reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself, herself, themself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
    • 2005, Anton Tenser, Lithuanian Romani, Lincom Europa, →ISBN, →OCLC, 2.7.3 Reflexives and clitics, page 18:
      joj udykhtja pes
      She saw herself

Declension

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Litovska/Lithuanian Romani personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m f
Nominative mē tu jou joj amē tumē jonē -
Accusative/
Independent Oblique 		man tut lēs la amēn tumēn lēn pes
Dative mange tuke lēske lake amēnge tumēnge lēnge pēske
Ablative [1] mandyr tutyr lēstyr latyr amēndyr tumēndyr lēndyr pēstyr
Genitive m miro tyro lēskiro lakiro amaro tumaro lēngiro pēskiro
f miri tyri lēskiri lakiri amari tumari lēngiri pēskiri
pl mirē tyrē lēskirē lakirē amarē tumarē lēngirē pēskirē
Locative mandē tutē lēstē latē amēndē tumēndē lēndē pēstē
Instrumental mansa tusa lēsa lasa amēnca tumēnca lēnsa pēsa
Enclitic Reflexive man pe amēn pe -
  1. ^ The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani

Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Catalan pes, from Latin pēnsum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pes m (plural pesos)

  1. weight, the heaviness of something, as caused by the downward force of gravity of its mass.
  2. weight, a piece of metal or other materials known to weigh a definite amount, as the ones used on scales or sports
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pes

  1. plural of pe (“the letter P”)

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pes

  1. (Balearic, Alghero) first-person singular present indicative of pesar

Cornish

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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pes f (singulative pesen)

  1. (Revived Late Cornish) peas

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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pes

Inherited from Old Czech pes, from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Noun

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pes m anim (female equivalent psice or fena, relational adjective psí)

  1. dog
  2. male dog
    Coordinate term: fena f
  3. scoundrel, bad person
Declension
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Declension of pes (hard masculine animate reducible)
singular plural
nominative pes psi
genitive psa psů
dative psovi, psu psům
accusative psa psy
vocative pse psi
locative psovi, psu psech
instrumental psem psy
Derived terms
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adjectives
nouns
proverbs

Further reading

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  • “pes”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “pes”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “pes”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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pes

  1. genitive plural of peso
Alternative forms
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Fala

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Noun

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pes

  1. plural of pe

Friulian

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Alternative forms

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  • peš (alternative spelling)

Etymology

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From Latin piscem.

Noun

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pes m (plural pes)

  1. fish
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Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

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From Dutch pest, from Middle French peste (whence French peste), ultimately from Latin pestis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛs]
  • Hyphenation: pès

Noun

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pès (plural pes-pes)

  1. pest, plague
    Synonym: sampar

Further reading

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Latin

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Latin Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia la
 
pēs hūmānus (human foot)
 
pēs equī (foot of a horse)

Etymology

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    From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

    1. a foot, in its senses as
      1. (anatomy) a human foot
        … ne manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra …
        … not the hands, not the feet, and not the other limbs …
        Sī ergō ego lāvī pedēs vestrōs, Dominus et Magister, et vōs dēbētis alter alterius lavāre pedēs (Ioannes XIII:XIV)
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
        • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.518:
          [...] ūnum exūta pedem vinclīs, in veste recīncta, [...].
          [... Dido’s] one foot having cast off its sandal-straps, with her garment loosened, [...].
        • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.395–397:
          Forte revertēbar fēstīs Vestālibus illa [...].
          hūc pede mātrōnam vīdī dēscendere nūdō.
          It so happened that I was returning from the festival of Vesta [...]. Here I saw a matron coming down barefoot.
          (Literally, in the ablative singular: “pede nūdō” or “with bare foot.” Roman matrons walked barefoot to honor Vesta (mythology) during the Vestalia.)
      2. (zoology) any equivalent body part of an animal, including hooves, paws, etc.
      3. (units of measure) any of various units of length notionally based on the adult human foot, especially (historical) the Roman foot.
      4. (poetry) a metrical foot: the basic unit of metered poetry
        • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.15–16:
          vāde, liber, verbīsque meīs loca grāta salūtā:
          contingam certē quō licet illa pede!
          Go, [my] book, and greet with my words [those] beloved places: at least I shall reach [them] with the ‘foot’ that is allowed!
          (The exiled poet puns that the metrical “feet” of his poem shall go where his own “feet” cannot.)
      5. (geography) the base of a mountain
      6. (furniture) the bottom of a leg of a table, chair, stool, etc.
    2. (figuratively) a place to tread one's foot: territory, ground, soil
    3. (nautical) a rope attached to a sail in order to set
    4. (music) tempo, pace, time
    5. (botany) the pedicel or stalk of a fruit

    Declension

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    Third-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative pēs pedēs
    genitive pedis pedum
    dative pedī pedibus
    accusative pedem pedēs
    ablative pede pedibus
    vocative pēs pedēs

    Hyponyms

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    Meronyms

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Balkan Romance:
      • ⇒ Aromanian: pezã
      • Romanian: piez ⇒ piază
    • Dalmatian:
    • Italo-Romance
    • Rhaeto-Romance:
    • Padanian:
    • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Southern Gallo-Romance:
      • Catalan: peu
      • Old Occitan: pe
    • Ibero-Romance:
    • Sardinian:
      • Campidanese: pei
      • Logudorese: pe
      • Nuorese: pede
    • Derived forms:
    • Borrowings:
    • →⇒ German: stante pede

    See also

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    References

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    • "pes", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • "pes", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "pes", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • pes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • “pes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “pes”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

    Lombard

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    Etymology

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    Akin to Italian peso, from Latin pensum.

    Noun

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    pes

    1. weight

    Middle English

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    Noun

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    pes

    1. Alternative form of pese

    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Etymology

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    Related to pesa (“have a heavy breath”), compare Swedish päsa.

    Noun

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    pes m (definite singular pesen, uncountable)
    pes n (definite singular peset, uncountable)

    1. A heavy breath (e.g. after a long run)
    2. stress, harry, rush
      Synonym: hastverk

    Old Czech

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pes m animal

    1. (mammals) dog

    Declension

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    Declension of pes (hard o-stem reducible)
    singular dual plural
    nominative pes psy psi, psové
    genitive psa, psu psú psóv
    dative psu, psovi psoma psóm
    accusative pes, psa psy psy
    vocative pse psy psi, psové
    locative psě, psu, psovi psú psiech
    instrumental psem psoma psy
    This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
    See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    Old French

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    Etymology

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    From Latin pax.

    Noun

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    pes oblique singular, f (oblique plural pes, nominative singular pes, nominative plural pes)

    1. Alternative form of pais (“peace”)

    Romani

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (appa),[1] [script needed] (atta),[1] from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).[1]

    Pronoun

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    pes

    1. himself, herself (third-person singular reflexive pronoun)[1]

    See also

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    Romani personal pronouns
    number person nominative accusative dative locative ablative instrumental possessive
    singular first me man manqe manθe manθar mança miro, -i, -e
    second tu tut tuqe tuθe tuθar tuça tiro, -i, -e
    reflexive third — pes pesqe pesθe pesθar peça pesqero, -i, -e
    third m ov les lesqe lesθe lesθar leça lesqero, -i, -e
    f oj la laqe laθe laθar laça laqero, -i, -e
    plural first amen amenqe amenθe amenθar amença amaro, -i, -e
    second tumen tumenqe tumenθe tumenθar tumença tumaro, -i, -e
    reflexive third — pen penqe penθe penθar pença penqero, -i, -e
    third on len lenqe lenθe lenθar lença lenqero, -i, -e
    Kalderash Romani personal pronouns
    number person nominative accusative (long and short forms) dative locative ablative instrumental possessive
    singular first me man, ma mánge mánde mándar mánsa múrro, -i, -e
    second tu tut, tu túke túte tútar túsa tíro, -i, -e
    reflexive third — pês, pe pêske pêste pêstar pêsa pêsko, -i, -e
    third m wo lês, le lêske lêste lêstar lêsa lêsko, -i, -e
    f woi la, la láke láte látar lása láko, -i, -e
    plural first ame amên, ame amênge amênde amêndar amênsa amáro, -i, -e
    second tume tumên, tume tumênge tumênde tumêndar tumênsa tumáro, -i, -e
    reflexive third — pên, pe pênge pênde pêndar pênsa pêngo, -i, -e
    third won lên, le lênge lênde lêndar lênsa lêngo, -i, -e

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “pe(s)”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 215a

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pes m (Cyrillic spelling пес)

    1. (Kajkavian, Croatia) dog
      Synonym: pas

    Slovak

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pes m animal (genitive singular psa, nominative plural psi, psy, genitive plural psov)

    1. dog

    Declension

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    Declension of pes
    (patterns chlap (singular, plural 1) and dub (plural 2))
    singularplural 1plural 2
    nominativepespsoviapsy
    genitivepsapsovpsov
    dativepsovi,
    psu    		psompsom
    accusativepsapsovpsy
    locativepsovi,
    psu    		psochpsoch
    instrumentalpsompsamipsami

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • “pes”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

    Slovene

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    Velik bel pes - A large white dog

    Etymology

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    From Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pə̏s m anim (female equivalent psíca)

    1. dog
      Synonyms: kuža, bevskač, cucek, kuže, pesjak, pse, pseto, psina, renčač, kosmatinec
      Imamo tri pse. ― We have three dogs.
      Na sprehod grem s svojim psom. ― I'm going on a walk with my dog.
    2. (zoology) any of the species in family Canidae
    3. (zoology, in the plural) family Canidae
    4. (zoology, uncountable) genus Canis
    5. (figuratively, derogatory) a malicious person[→SSKJ]
      Synonyms: hudobnež, hudič, hudičevec, hudiman, hudimar, hudir, hudoba, hudobijan, hudobni, hudobnik, leviatan, mefisto, pasjeglavec, peklenšček, pesjan, pesjanar, peslajnar, pošast, pošastnik, psoglavec, satan, satanov služabnik, steklač, strupenec, strupenjak, škorpijon, vrag, zlobec, zlobnež, zlodej, zlodejevec, zlohotnež, zlomek, žlehtnoba
      Antonyms: dobričina, angel, dobrosrčnež, dobričnež, dobričnik, duša, dušica, mehkosrčnež, milosrčnež, svetnik
    6. (theater) unimportant role
      Synonym: stranska vloga
      Antonym: glavna vloga

    Declension

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    n=
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

    First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , short ending accent, fill vowel ə
    nom. sing. pə̏s
    gen. sing. psȁ
    singular dual plural
    nominative
    imenovȃlnik     		pə̏s psȁ psȉ
    genitive
    rodȋlnik     		psȁ psȍv, psóv psȍv, psóv
    dative
    dajȃlnik     		psȕ, psȉ psȍma, psomȁ psȍm
    accusative
    tožȋlnik     		psȁ psȁ psȅ
    locative
    mẹ̑stnik     		psȕ, psȉ psȉh psȉh
    instrumental
    orọ̑dnik     		psȍm psȍma, psomȁ psȉ
    (vocative)
    (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)     		pə̏s psȁ psȉ



    • dialectal
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    n=
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

    First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, vowel is only written in nominative singular
    nom. sing. pə̏s
    gen. sing. psa
    singular dual plural
    nominative
    imenovȃlnik     		pə̏s psa psi
    genitive
    rodȋlnik     		psa psov psov
    dative
    dajȃlnik     		psu, psi psoma, psama psom, psam
    accusative
    tožȋlnik     		psa psa pse
    locative
    mẹ̑stnik     		psu, psi psih, psah psih, psah
    instrumental
    orọ̑dnik     		psom psoma, psama psi
    (vocative)
    (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)     		pə̏s psa psi


    Derived terms

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    See also

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    Further reading

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    • “pes”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
    • “pes”, in Termania, Amebis
    • See also the general references

    Spanish

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pes f pl

    1. plural of pe

    Tok Pisin

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    Etymology

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    From English face.

    Noun

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    pes

    1. (anatomy) face
      • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:19:
        Na bai yu wok hat tru long kisim kaikai bilong yu na tuhat bai i kamap long pes bilong yu. Na bai yu hatwok oltaim inap yu dai na yu go bek long graun. Long wanem, mi bin wokim yu long graun, na bai yu go bek gen long graun.”
        →New International Version translation
    2. page

    Torres Strait Creole

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    Etymology 1

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    From English face.

    Noun

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    pes

    1. face

    Etymology 2

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    Noun

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    pes

    1. (eastern dialect) a ripe coconut
    Usage notes
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    Pes is the fifth stage of coconut growth. It is preceded by kopespes and followed by u.

    Turkish

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈpes/
    • Hyphenation: pes

    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بس (bes, “Enough! Hold!”, interj.),[1][2] from Persian بس (bas, “enough”).

    Interjection

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    Pes!

    1. Used when accepting defeat; "I yield!" or "Uncle!"
    2. Used when at a loss for words at someone's extraordinary behavior or action; "I don't even know what to say!", "This is too much!" or "This takes the cake!"
      Yalanın bu kadarına da pes doğrusu! ― To be honest, I don't even know what to say about such a lie!
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پس (pes, “low and soft or bass voice or tone”),[3][4] from Persian پست (past, “low, abject”).[5]

    Adjective

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    pes

    1. (music) That which is sung softly and slowly; bass.
    Alternative forms
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    Derived terms
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    Etymology 3

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    Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پس (pes, “the hinder part, back of a thing, pursuit after a thing”), from Persian پس (pas, “back, hind; then, so, therefore”).

    Noun

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    pes (definite accusative pesi, plural pesler)

    1. (obsolete) back, hind part

    Adverb

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    pes

    1. (obsolete) then, so, in that case
      Synonyms: öyleyse, o hâlde, binaenaleyh
    2. (obsolete) then, after, afterwards
      Synonyms: sonra, müteakiben, nihayet
    3. (obsolete) in summary, in short, in conclusion
      Synonyms: hasılı, hasılıkelam, velhasıl
    4. (obsolete) when, whenever, as soon as

    References

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    1. ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 363
    2. ^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 265
    3. ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “پس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 447
    4. ^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “پس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 322
    5. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pes”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

    Further reading

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