Japanese | degenerate; fall | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (倭墮) | 倭 | 墮 | |
simp. (倭堕) | 倭 | 堕 |
Rime | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 倭 | 墮 | 墮 |
Reading # | 3/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 定 (7) | 透 (6) |
Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 戈 (95) | 戈 (95) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed |
Division (等) | I | I | I |
Fanqie | 烏果切 | 徒果切 | 他果切 |
Baxter | 'waX | dwaX | thwaX |
Reconstructions | |||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔuɑX/ | /duɑX/ | /tʰuɑX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ʔuɑX/ | /duɑX/ | /tʰuɑX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ʔuɑX/ | /duɑX/ | /tʰuɑX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔwaX/ | /dwaX/ | /tʰwaX/ |
Li Rong |
/ʔuɑX/ | /duɑX/ | /tʰuɑX/ |
Wang Li |
/uɑX/ | /duɑX/ | /tʰuɑX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔuɑX/ | /dʱuɑX/ | /tʰuɑX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wǒ | duò | tuǒ |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wo2 | do6 | to2 |
倭墮