|
Translingual
editTraditional | 墮 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 堕 |
Simplified | 堕 |
Han character
edit墮 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 弓月土 (NBG) or 難弓月土 (XNBG), four-corner 74104, composition ⿱隋土)
Derived characters
editRelated characters
edit- 堕 (Japanese shinjitai and simplified Chinese)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 239, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5481
- Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 484, character 3
- Unihan data for U+58AE
Chinese
edittrad. | 墮 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 堕 | |
alternative forms | 𫝡 隓 obsolete 墯 𡐦 dur (doe6) Cantonese, nonstandard |
Glyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *hlol) : phonetic 隋 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *ljol) + semantic 土.
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: duò
- Wade–Giles: to4
- Yale: dwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
- Palladius: до (do)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: do6 / doe6
- Yale: doh / deuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: do6 / doe6
- Guangdong Romanization: do6 / dê6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔː²²/, /tœː²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō
- Tâi-lô: tō
- Phofsit Daibuun: doi
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /to²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
- Tâi-lô: tōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: do
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tūi
- Tâi-lô: tuī
- Phofsit Daibuun: dui
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tui³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: dwaX, thwaX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤojʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːlʔ/, /*l'oːlʔ/
Definitions
edit墮
- to fall; to sink
- to degenerate
- 故上悖日月之明,下爍山川之精,中墮四時之施,惴耎之蟲,肖翹之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]
- It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.
故上悖日月之明,下烁山川之精,中堕四时之施,惴耎之虫,肖翘之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Cantonese) droopy; saggy
- Alternative form of 惰 (duò)
Usage notes
editCompounds
editPronunciation 2
editFor pronunciation and definitions of 墮 – see 隳 (“to destroy; to ruin; to damage”). (This character is a variant form of 隳). |
Japanese
edit堕 | |
墮 |
Kanji
edit墮
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 堕)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
editKorean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 墮 (MC thwaX).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 퇑〯 (Yale: thwǎ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 타 (tha) (Yale: tha) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [타(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
edit墮 (eumhun 떨어질 타 (tteoreojil ta))
- hanja form? of 타 (“to fall; to degenerate”)
Compounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit墮: Hán Nôm readings: đọa/đoạ, đụi, dọa/doạ, dụa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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