U+502D, 倭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-502D

[U+502C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+502E]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 9, +8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人竹木女 (OHDV), four-corner 22244, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Various theories suggest that 倭 was influenced by Old Japanese (wa, I, me) or referring to the practice of bowing among the ancient Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • e - vernacular;
  • oe - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (34)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter 'wa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔwa/
Li
Rong
/ʔuɑ/
Wang
Li
/uɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wo1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 12888
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qoːl/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. (historical, now derogatory) Japan; Yamato
  2. (in some animal names) dwarf; pygmy
      ―    ―  Nanorana pleskei
    河馬河马  ―  hémǎ  ―  pygmy hippopotamus
    黑猩猩  ―  hēixīngxīng  ―  bonobo; pygmy chimpanzee
Synonyms
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  • (Japan):

Compounds

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See also

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (34)
Final () (14)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'jwe
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠiuᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔʷᵚiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiuɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔjwiə̆/
Li
Rong
/ʔjue/
Wang
Li
/ǐwe/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔwie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wēi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wai1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 12902
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qrol/

Definitions

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  1. Used in 倭遲倭迟, alternative form of 逶迤 (wēiyí, winding; meandering)

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (34)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter 'waX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔuɑX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔuɑX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔwaX/
Li
Rong
/ʔuɑX/
Wang
Li
/uɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wo2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 12891
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qoːlʔ/

Definitions

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  1. Only used in 倭墮髻倭堕髻 (wǒduòjì, “a hairstyle for women that was popular during the Han Dynasty in which the hair was gathered up in a lopsided bun”).

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. Yamato
  2. the country of Japan

Readings

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  • Go-on: (i) (wi, historical) (wa)
  • Kan-on: (i) (wi, historical) (wa)
  • Kun: やまと (yamato, )したがう (shitagau, 倭う)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
やまと
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
大和やまと
[proper noun] a town in the Shikinoshimo district in the Yamato Province of Japan, generally equivalent to modern Tenri area
[proper noun] A city in Kanagawa Prefecture
[proper noun] one of the old provinces that made up Japan, generally equivalent to modern Nara prefecture
[proper noun] the country of Japan
Alternative spelling
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC 'wa). Various theories suggest that 倭 was influenced by Old Japanese (wa, I, me) or referring to the practice of bowing among the ancient Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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() (Wa

  1. ancient Japan

Usage notes

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During the Nara period, Japanese scholars believed that 倭 was derogatory as a name for their own country, because the Chinese word depicted a man bending down. Around 757 CE, Japan replaced 倭 with () (Wa), which had the same pronunciation in Old Japanese, but instead meant "harmonious".

References

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  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is (wa) based on Middle Chinese (MC 'wa).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 왜나라 (waenara wae))

  1. hanja form? of (ancient Japan, Yamato)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese (MC 'jwe).

Hanja

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(eumhun 유순할 (yusunhal wi))

  1. (literary Chinese) hanja form? of (docile, obedient)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: uy, oải, nụy/nuỵ, oa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.