Wiktionary

徒

See also: 徙

徒 U+5F92, 徒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F92
← 徑
[U+5F91] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 従 →
[U+5F93]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

徒 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人土卜人 (HOGYO), four-corner 24281, composition ⿰彳走)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 367, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10121
  • Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 823, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5F92

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 徒
alternative forms
 
𢓂
𨑒
𨑡
𢔗
𣥲
𢓂
𨑒
𨑡
𢔗
𣥲
𧺔
𧺑
𬾉
𠫠
𠫮

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 徒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Small seal script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aː): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). Later corrupted into 彳 + 走.

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 徒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 同都切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/do/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɔ/
Li
Rong 		/do/
Wang
Li 		/du/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 徒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ du ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]ˁa/
English go on foot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 徒
Reading # 1/1
No. 12494
Phonetic
component 		徒
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		徒
Old
Chinese 		/*l'aː/

DefinitionsEdit

徒

  1. to be on foot
  2. foot soldier
  3. disciple; follower; adherent
  4. religious follower; apostle; worshipper
  5. prison sentence
  6. (derogatory) suffix for people with certain characteristics
    暴徒  ―  bàotú  ―  thug
    歹徒  ―  dǎitú  ―  ruffian
  7. bare; plain
    徒跣  ―  túxiǎn  ―  barefoot
    徒手  ―  túshǒu  ―  with one's bare hands
  8. merely; only; just
  9. in vain; unsuccessfully; to no avail
    徒勞／徒劳  ―  túláo  ―  to be futile
  10. a surname

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 徒

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

徒

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. going on foot
  2. empty-handed
  3. useless, in vain
  4. disciple
  5. a party, a gang
  6. criminal, penal servitude

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
いたずら
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

徒(いたずら) • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)? †-nari

  1. useless, pointless, fruitless
  2. unsatisfied because there is nothing to be; tasteless
  3. in idleness

NounEdit

徒(いたずら) • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)?

  1. a kind of women's hairstyles in the late Edo period
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
あだ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

徒(あだ) • (ada) †-nari

  1. useless, fruitless
    一度(いちど)限(かぎ)りの人生(じんせい)を徒(あだ)にしてしまう
    ichido kagiri no jinsei o ada ni shiteshimau
    to make one's one-time life gone ruined
  2. (now rare) ephemeral, temporary
  3. (now rare) fickle, frivolous
  4. (now rare) slack, lukewarm
  5. (historical, poetry) the term of the 蕉風俳諧(しょうふうはいかい) (shōfūhaikai, “Bashō style haikai”) to indicate innocent and humorous style
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
かち
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry.
【かち】
[noun] 徒, 歩, 歩行, 徒歩: (dated) walking, going on foot
[noun] 徒, 歩, 歩行, 徒歩, 徒士: (historical) a lower-level samurai who accompanies with the master in walking and goes on the beginning of the parade
Alternative spellings
徒, 歩, 歩行, 徒歩, 徒士
(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
ただ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry.
【ただ】
[noun] 徒, 只: ordinary, common, nothing special
[adjective] 徒, 只: ordinary, simple
[adjective] 徒, 只: nothing
Alternative spellings
徒, 只
(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
むだ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry.
【無駄むだ】
[adjective] useless, pointless; meaningless
[adjective] wasteful
[noun] uselessness; no good; being in vain; futility
[noun] waste
Alternative spellings
徒, ムダ
(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 6Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
と
Grade: 4
kan’on

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

徒(と) • (to) 

  1. fellows, same kind people; a set, a party, a gang
    Synonyms: 輩 (yakara), 輩 (tomogara)
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 7Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
ず
Grade: 4
goon

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

徒(ず) • (zu) ←づ (du)?

  1. (historical) one of the punishments in the ancient Ritsuryō system; penal servitude
    Synonyms: 徒刑 (tokei), 懲役 (chōeki)
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 8Edit

Kanji in this term
徒
かし
Grade: 4
irregular

<kasi> → /kaɕi/

From Eastern dialectal form of Old Japanese. Cognate with Modern Japanese かち (kachi, “walking, going on foot”).

NounEdit

徒(かし) • (kashi) 

  1. (Classical Japanese, dialectal) Obsolete form of かち (kachi): walking, going on foot
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4417)
      阿加胡麻乎(あかごまを)　夜麻努尓波賀志(やまのにはがし)　刀里加尓弖(とりかにて)　多麻能余許夜麻(たまのよこやま)　加志(かし)由加也良牟(ゆかやらむ) [Man'yōgana]
      赤駒(あかごま)を　山野(やまの)に放(はが)し　捕(と)りかにて　多摩(たま)の横山(よこやま)　徒(かし)ゆか遣(や)らむ [Modern spelling]
      <Akago1ma wo yamano1 ni pagasi to1rikanite Tama no2 yo2ko2yama kasi yuka yaramu>
      → Akagoma o yamano ni hagashi torikanite Tama no yokoyama kashi yuka yaramu
      Having our red horse pastured on the mountain field, but we couldn't catch it; so I'll send him, who'll go on foot through the mountains on the side of Tama.

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 徒 (MC duo). Recorded as Middle Korean 도 (two) (Yale: two) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

徒, eumhun 무리 도 (muri do)

  1. Hanja form? of 도 (“party; gang; group; disciple”).
  2. Hanja form? of 도 (“going on foot”).
  3. Hanja form? of 도 (“useless; in vain”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

ReferencesEdit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

徒: Hán Nôm readings: đồ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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