徒
See also: 徙
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
徒 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人土卜人 (HOGYO), four-corner 24281, composition ⿰彳走)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 367, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10121
- Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 823, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5F92
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
徒 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 徒 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Small seal script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aː): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). Later corrupted into 彳 + 走.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
徒
- to be on foot
- 以吾從大夫之後,不可徒行也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǐ wú cóng dàfū zhīhòu, bùkě tú xíng yě. [Pinyin]
- For, to follow in the rear of the great officers, it was not proper that I should walk on foot.
以吾从大夫之后,不可徒行也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- foot soldier
- disciple; follower; adherent
- religious follower; apostle; worshipper
- prison sentence
- (derogatory) suffix for people with certain characteristics
- 走!復入言沛公,吾高陽酒徒也,非儒人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zǒu! Fù rù yán Pèigōng, wú Gāoyáng jiǔtú yě, fēi rúrén yě. [Pinyin]
- Depart! Make haste! Go back in there and tell the Prince of Pei again that I am the Drunkard of Gaoyang; I'm no 'scholar!'
走!复入言沛公,吾高阳酒徒也,非儒人也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- bare; plain
- merely; only; just
- 徒善不足以為政,徒法不能以自行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Tú shàn bùzú yǐ wéi zhèng, tú fǎ bùnéng yǐ zì xíng. [Pinyin]
- Virtue alone is not sufficient for the exercise of government; laws alone cannot carry themselves into practice.
徒善不足以为政,徒法不能以自行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 助之長者,揠苗者也。非徒無益,而又害之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhù zhī zhǎng zhě, yà miáo zhě yě. Fēi tú wúyì, ér yòu hài zhī. [Pinyin]
- They who assist it to grow long, pull out their corn. What they do is not only of no benefit to the nature, but it also injures it
助之长者,揠苗者也。非徒无益,而又害之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- in vain; unsuccessfully; to no avail
- a surname
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 徒
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ReferencesEdit
- “徒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01288
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
徒
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ず (zu)←づ (du, historical)
- Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
- Kun: いたずら (itazura)←いたづら (itadura, historical); あだ (ada); かち (kachi); ともがら (tomogara); むだ (muda)
- Nanori: とも (tomo)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 徒競走 (tokyōsō)
- 徒刑 (tokei)
- 徒行 (tokō)
- 徒死 (toshi)
- 徒爾 (toji)
- 徒手 (toshu)
- 徒消 (toshō)
- 徒渉 (toshō)
- 徒食 (toshoku)
- 徒跣 (tosen)
- 徒然 (tozen)
- 徒卒 (tosotsu)
- 徒長 (tochō)
- 徒弟 (totei)
- 徒党 (totō)
- 徒輩 (tohai)
- 徒費 (tohi)
- 徒歩 (toho)
- 徒法 (tohō)
- 徒労 (torō)
- 徒論 (toron)
- 学徒 (gakuto)
- 奸徒, 姦徒 (kanto)
- 義徒 (gito)
- 逆徒 (gyakuto)
- 凶徒, 兇徒 (kyōto)
- 教徒 (kyōto)
- 刑徒 (keito)
- 残徒 (zanto)
- 使徒 (shito)
- 緇徒 (shito)
- 囚徒 (shūto)
- 宗徒 (shūto)
- 酒徒 (shuto)
- 信徒 (shinto)
- 生徒 (seito)
- 聖徒 (seito)
- 僧徒 (sōto)
- 賊徒 (zokuto)
- 檀徒 (danto)
- 博徒 (bakuto)
- 叛徒 (hanto)
- 匪徒 (hito)
- 仏徒 (butto)
- 暴徒 (bōto)
- 門徒 (monto)
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
いたずら Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
徒 • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)? †-nari
NounEdit
徒 • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)?
- a kind of women's hairstyles in the late Edo period
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
あだ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
- useless, fruitless
- 一度限りの人生を徒にしてしまう
- ichido kagiri no jinsei o ada ni shiteshimau
- to make one's one-time life gone ruined
- 一度限りの人生を徒にしてしまう
- (now rare) ephemeral, temporary
- (now rare) fickle, frivolous
- (now rare) slack, lukewarm
- (historical, poetry) the term of the 蕉風俳諧 (shōfūhaikai, “Bashō style haikai”) to indicate innocent and humorous style
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
かち Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
ただ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
むだ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 6Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
と Grade: 4 |
kan’on |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 7Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
ず Grade: 4 |
goon |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (historical) one of the punishments in the ancient Ritsuryō system; penal servitude
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 8Edit
Kanji in this term |
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徒 |
かし Grade: 4 |
irregular |
<kasi> → /kaɕi/
From Eastern dialectal form of Old Japanese. Cognate with Modern Japanese かち (kachi, “walking, going on foot”).
NounEdit
- (Classical Japanese, dialectal) Obsolete form of かち (kachi): walking, going on foot
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4417)
- 阿加胡麻乎 夜麻努尓波賀志 刀里加尓弖 多麻能余許夜麻 加志由加也良牟 [Man'yōgana]
- 赤駒を 山野に放し 捕りかにて 多摩の横山 徒ゆか遣らむ [Modern spelling]
- <Akago1ma wo yamano1 ni pagasi to1rikanite Tama no2 yo2ko2yama kasi yuka yaramu>
→ Akagoma o yamano ni hagashi torikanite Tama no yokoyama kashi yuka yaramu - Having our red horse pastured on the mountain field, but we couldn't catch it; so I'll send him, who'll go on foot through the mountains on the side of Tama.
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4417)
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 徒 (MC duo). Recorded as Middle Korean 도 (two) (Yale: two) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
- Hanja form? of 도 (“party; gang; group; disciple”).
- Hanja form? of 도 (“going on foot”).
- Hanja form? of 도 (“useless; in vain”).
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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