共和國

Chinese edit

			country; state; nation
trad. (共和國)		共和	國
simp. (共和国)		共和	国

Etymology edit

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) (kyōwakoku).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gònghéguó

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gong⁴ ho² gue²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гунхәгуә (gunhəguə, I-I-I) / гунхәгуй (gunhəguy, I-I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³
Gan (Wiktionary): kung⁵ fo⁴ guet⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiung-fò-koet
Jin (Wiktionary): gung³ hue¹ gueh⁶
Northern Min (KCR): gō̤ng-uǎ-gŏ
Eastern Min (BUC): gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiōng-hô-kok / kiōng-hô͘-kok

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang⁷ hua⁵ gog⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gon-wu-koq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong⁵ ho² gue⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gònghéguó
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gònghéguó
  - Wade–Giles: kung⁴-ho²-kuo²
  - Yale: gùng-hé-gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonqhergwo
  - Palladius: гунхэго (gunxɛgo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: gong⁴ ho² gue²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gungxogue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³ xo²¹ kuɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунхәгуә (gunhəguə, I-I-I) / гунхәгуй (gunhəguy, I-I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ²⁴ xə²⁴ kuə²⁴/, /kuŋ²⁴ xə²⁴ kuei²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³
  - Yale: guhng wòh gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: kung⁵ fo⁴ guet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ¹¹ fo³⁵ kuɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiung-fò-koet
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiung foˇ gued`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiung⁴ fo² gued⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹ ku̯et̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gung³ hue¹ gueh⁶
  - Sinological IPA (old-style, no sandhi): /kũŋ⁴⁵ xuɤ¹¹ kuəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gō̤ng-uǎ-gŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ⁵⁵ ua²¹ ko²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ŋuo⁵³⁻²¹ ^(k-)uɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiōng-hô-kok
  - Tâi-lô: kiōng-hô-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioxnghoi'kog
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiōng-hô͘-kok
  - Tâi-lô: kiōng-hôo-kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioxngho'kog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang⁷ hua⁵ gog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kāng huâ kok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ¹¹ hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶gon-wu-koq
  - MiniDict: gon^去 wu koh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³gon-hhu-koq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡoŋ²² ɦu⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: gong⁵ ho² gue⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /kʊŋ²¹⁻¹¹ xo¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /kən²¹⁻¹¹ xo¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/